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Understanding Collisions and Kinetic Energy in Physics

Explore the principles of collisions and kinetic energy in physics through scenarios of elastic and inelastic collisions, energy transfer, and rotational motion. Learn about power units, conversions, and the conservation of angular momentum. 8 Relevant

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Understanding Collisions and Kinetic Energy in Physics

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  1. COLLISIONS & KINETIC ENERGY Two identical carts with oppositevelocities. Case 1 One cart has a spring attached. Result: elastic collision -no loss of energy. Case 2 One cart has clay attached to stick. Result: inelastic collision -all energy lost.

  2. COLLISIONS CONTINUED Case 3. One cart is at rest and has potential energy stored in a spring. When the second cart collides, the stored energy is released and both carts share the stored energy that was released. Similar to a slingshot effect or gravity assist when a satellite (or spacecraft) overtakes a planet. See Figure 3-34

  3. Power Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or transformed. Power = Work time Symbol: P Unit: watt = Joule/ second (w)

  4. POWER UNITS Metric English watt foot-pound horsepower second Conversions 1 horsepower = 550 ft-lb/sec = 746 watts

  5. ROTATIONAL MOTION Linear Motion Rotational Motion d (distance)  (angle) radian (rad) v (velocity) (angular velocity) rad/s a (acceleration)  ( ang. acceleration) rad/s2 m ( mass) I ( moment of inertia) F = m a  = I  mv (momentum) I (angular momentum)

  6. Relationship of Linear to Angular d = r  v = r  a = r  (small mass) I = m r2

  7. CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM The total angular momentum of an isolated system is a constant. (I )before = (I )after For a small spherical object of mass m Sum (m v r) before = Sum (m v r) after

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