1 / 50

Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Input and Processing. Presentation Overview. Input Technology Data Processing by Computers The System Unit The Power Supply Storage Bay s The Motherboard. Input Technology.

caldwell-whitfield
Download Presentation

Chapter 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2 Input and Processing

  2. Presentation Overview • Input Technology • Data Processing by Computers • The System Unit • The Power Supply • Storage Bays • The Motherboard

  3. Input Technology Hardware devices are grouped by how and where they are used in the 4 steps of the information processing cycle. • Input • Processing • Output • Storage

  4. Input Technology What is an input device? A hardware device that allows users to enter programs, data, and commands into a computer system

  5. Input Technology What are some examples of input devices?

  6. Input Technology What are some examples of input devices? • Keyboards • Touch screens • Mice and other click devices • Pens and tablets • Optical scanners • Bar code and optical readers • Graphic and video input devices • Audio input devices

  7. Input Technology A computer keyboard is organized into groups of related keys.

  8. Input Device: Touch Screen allows a user to make selections from a group of options displayed on a screen by pressing a finger on a chosen object Input Technology

  9. Input Technology Input Device: Mouse • second most common input device • moving the mouse moves a pointer on screen which allows users to make selections from a menu and activate program icons displayed on screen

  10. Input Technology Every movement of the mouse corresponds to the movement of the mouse pointer on the display screen.

  11. With a touch pad, the user traces a finger on the pad, moving the pointer on the screen. Below the touch pad there are buttons for clicking commands. Input Technology

  12. Input Technology What are some other input devices that haven’t been mentioned? • Optical scanner • Bar code and optical readers • Digital camera • Webcams • Video cameras • Microphone

  13. Input Technology A scanner captures text and /or images and converts them into a format the computer can understand for display and storage.

  14. Input Technology A digital camera captures images by converting them from analog to digital format and storing them on a storage medium. The pictures can be printed or inserted into a document.

  15. Input Technology A digital video camera can plug directly into a computer to display the recorded video.

  16. Data Processing by Computers What is a program? • A series of instructions, using a binary system to switch registers on and off • Tells a computer how to perform tasks • How to process data • How to deliver desired information

  17. Data Processing by Computers The binary number system uses a condition similar to what happens when an electrical switch is turned on, causing current to flow. In the binary number system, a one (1) represents an “on” state in which there is an electrical charge, and a zero (0) represents an “off” state in which there is no electrical charge.

  18. ASCII is a coding scheme many computers, including personal computers, use. The EBDIC coding scheme is used mainly on large computers such as IBM mainframe computers. Data Processing by Computers

  19. Pressing a key generates an electronic signal that is converted into binary form (a byte) and stored in memory. The computer processes the digital signal and displays the character on the screen. Data Processing by Computers

  20. the main part of a personal computer system, containing components necessary for processing information The System Unit

  21. The Power Supply connects the computer to AC current and converts the AC current to DC current

  22. The desktop computer shown contains a CD/DVD drive bay and a hard drive bay. Storage Bays

  23. holds major processing and memory components, including: Central processing unit to manipulate data System clock to synchronize activities Slots for RAM chips to contain temporary memory ROM chips to contain permanent memory Expansion slots to attach expansion cards Ports to connect input and output devices Buses to communicate between computer components The Motherboard

  24. The motherboard holds the major processing and memory components, including the CPU, RAM, and ROM chips. The Motherboard

  25. The Central Processing Unit – interprets and executes the instructions for most computer operations – on a personal computer, it is a single chip called a microprocessor, and all processing functions are contained on it – called a CPU or microprocessor The Motherboard

  26. The Motherboard The Central Processing Unit – performs a machine cycle, which • fetches an instruction • decodes the instruction • executes the instruction • stores the result

  27. The Motherboard The central processing unit (CPU) contains a control unit, arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), and registers.

  28. The Motherboard The machine cycle includes the four steps for reading and carrying out an instruction: fetchingdecoding executing storing

  29. The Control Unit – directs and coordinates the overall operation of the computer – performs machine cycle functions fetching an instruction decoding an instruction The Motherboard

  30. The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) executes (carries out) instructions and performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. It can add subtract multiply divide perform logical operations, such as comparing data items The Motherboard

  31. The Motherboard Registers – temporary storage location – records result to memory – types • instruction registers • data registers • storage registers

  32. The Mother-board A comparisonof desktop personal computer processors

  33. The Motherboard A comparison of notebook computer and mobile device processors

  34. The Motherboard Without pipelining, the computer executes an instruction after the previous instruction completes the machine cycle. This is less efficient.

  35. The Motherboard Processing speed is improved with pipelining. With pipelining, the computer begins executing a new instruction as soon as the previous instruction reaches the next phase of the machine cycle.

  36. The Motherboard System Clock • controls timing of all computer operations • speed is measured by number of clock pulses per second, or hertz • one clock cycle is equal to two ticks of the clock • a CPU uses a fixed number of clock cycles to execute each instruction

  37. The Motherboard A multi-core processoris a CPU that includes more than complete core per physical processor, so a single integrated circuit (silicon chip) contains several processors and their cache memories.

  38. Random Access Memory (RAM) – temporary memory in which programs and data are stored – performs these functions: accepts and holds program instructions and data acts as CPU’s source for data and instructions and as a destination for operation results holds final processed information until it can be sent to desired output or storage devices The Motherboard

  39. The Motherboard Measures of data storage

  40. The Motherboard Computer memory comparisons

  41. Cache Memory a secondary type of processing storage a holding area where data and instructions most recently called by the processor from RAM are stored shortens processing time The Motherboard

  42. The Motherboard Memory access times

  43. RAM chips temporarily store programs and data during the processing stage. On some computers, ROM chips contain permanent storage of the operating system and instructions for managing peripheral devices. The Motherboard

  44. Flash Memory – can be erased and reused or reprogrammed – used for storing programs and data on handheld computers and devices such as digital cameras, cellular phones, and printers The Motherboard

  45. The Motherboard Expansion – Expansion slots – openings in motherboard for expansion card – Expansion card – component that adds new functions • sound card • video card • network card • modem card

  46. The Motherboard Expansion cards

  47. Ports are external plug-in slots that connect devices such as monitors, keyboards, and printers to the system unit. Ports are visible on the back of the system unit. The Motherboard

  48. Ports an external plug-in slot on a computer used to connect to a peripheral device USB ports connect high-speed devices such as scanners and modems serial ports connect devices such as keyboards and modems parallel ports connect printers video ports connect monitors SCSI ports have faster transmission rates than parallel or serial ports The Motherboard

  49. Data, as bits, travel along a bus from one computer system location to another, like cars travel along a highway. Bits travel along a bus from memory to CPU, input devices to memory, CPU to memory, and memory to storage devices. The Motherboard

  50. On the Horizon Based on the information presented in this chapter and your own experience, what do you think is on the horizon?

More Related