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Sedatives & Sleep

Sedatives & Sleep. Michaela Fričová, Pavel Rychlý, Andrea Hároniková. What a sedative is?. A sedative is: substance that depresses the central nervous system (CNS) Resuts are:

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Sedatives & Sleep

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  1. Sedatives & Sleep Michaela Fričová, Pavel Rychlý, Andrea Hároniková

  2. What a sedative is? • A sedative is: • substance that depresses the central nervous system (CNS) • Resuts are: • Calmness, , relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes.

  3. Some Facts • Sedatives have different degree of CNS depression • pharmacologic effects are dose related • small doses: sedation • larger doses: hypnosis • larger doses: surgical anesthesia (loss of sensation)

  4. Techniques used to study sleep • Electroencephalogram (EEG) • monitors electrical brain activity • Electromyogram (EMG) • permits electronic monitoring of head and neck muscles • Electro-oculogram (EOG) • electrodes placed around the eye, • the EOG records eye movement

  5. Sleep and sleep cycles • There are three states: • Wakefulness • Slow-wave sleep – NREM • Paradoxic sleep - REM

  6. Stages of sleep

  7. Sleep by Age

  8. Types of sedatives • Antidepressants • Barbiturates • Benzodiazepines • Herbal sedatives

  9. Antidepressants The first useful antidepressants belonged to a group called MAOIs (MonoAmine Oxidase Inhibitors) and were discovered in the early 1950s. (Harmaline, Iproclozide, Iproniazid, Isocarboxazid, Nialamide, Phenelzine, Selegiline, Toloxatone, Tranylcypromine)

  10. Barbiturates • Used infrequently • Should not be used more than 2 weeks • Short-intermediate acting- secobarbital and amobarbital (often, abused) • Long-acting- phenobarbital, mephobarbital, and metharbital (generally,not abused)

  11. Benzodiazepines Valium is one of these drugs and most frequently prescriben in the U.S. as Xanax Classified according to duration of effects Used to reduce psychic tension, anxiety disorders, or temporary relief of anxiety Effective sedative and less sleep-producing than other drugs in the sedative- hypnotic classification Alprazolam part of Xanax

  12. Herbal sedatives Kava (Piper methysticum) Mandragora (Mandragora officinarum) Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Kava is used as a herbal remedy to ease the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression The Mandragora, alone or as an alcoholic infusion, has a long history of use as an anaesthetic Valerian has uses in herbal medicine as a sedative Young Piper methysticum Kava root drying in Lovoni village

  13. Mandragora officinarum Valeriana officinalis:

  14. Thank you for atention Good night

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