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Unit 2: Early Modern Europe, 1300-1600

Unit 2: Early Modern Europe, 1300-1600. The Reformation. Vocabulary Terms (E.Q.1). 1. Excommunication = act depriving a person from belonging to a church body or group 2. Hierarchy = a ranking of clergy, each subordinate to the rank above it : * Pope * Cardinal * Archbishop

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Unit 2: Early Modern Europe, 1300-1600

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  1. Unit 2: Early Modern Europe, 1300-1600 The Reformation

  2. Vocabulary Terms (E.Q.1) 1. Excommunication= act depriving a person from belonging to a church body or group 2. Hierarchy= a ranking of clergy, each subordinate to the rank above it : * Pope * Cardinal * Archbishop * Bishop * Priest

  3. Vocabulary 3. Dogma= something held as established opinion (but not necessarily correct) 4. Papacy= the office of the pope 5. Celibacy= avoidance of all sexual relations 6. Concubinage= people living together who are not legally married 7. Pilgrimage= a journey to a sacred place 8. Relic= an object that remains behind but is valued because of its connection with a saint or a martyr

  4. Vocabulary 9. Penance = show sorrow for committing a sin 10. Simony= the practice of selling Church positions to the highest bidder 11. Indulgence= a Church pardon that removes punishment for sinful acts 12. Purgatory= state where souls that are not insured of salvation reside awaiting a final destination in heaven or hell.

  5. CAUSES of the reformation • Church Corruption • Desire for Political Power • Wealth and Nationalism • Intellectual Changes • Advances in Technology

  6. 1. Church Corruption • Breaking vows of celibacy • Illegitimate children • Extravagant lifestyles • Unethical practices • Simony • Selling of relics • Selling of indulgences • Abuses of excommunication • Scandals • The Babylonian Captivity • The Great Schism

  7. Scandals Weaken Church’s Power The Babylonian Captivity (1305-1375) • Philip IV (France) quarreled with pope overpower to tax clergy • Pope Boniface kidnapped in 1296 and replaced with French pope, Clement V • 7 popes ruled Church from Avignon, France • Many thought these popes were only puppets of French king The Great Schism (1378-1417) Begins with Avignon Papacy • Papacy moved back to Rome in 1376 • French cardinals elected a new pope, Clement VII • Now 2 popes: both Urban VI and Clement VII claimed to be rightful pope • Caused Christians to question integrity and honesty of pope’s authority

  8. 2. Desire for Political Power • Monarchs stood to gain power if they could “get out from under the Pope’s thumb” 3. Wealth and Nationalism • Monarchs could take Church’s lands • People’s money would not leave country to go to Rome

  9. 4. Intellectual Causes The Renaissance encouraged people to think in new, critical ways: • Humanism • Secularism • Scientific Method This caused people to think for themselves and begin questioning the Church’s practices

  10. 5. Technology • Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in 1440 allowed new ideas of Reformation to spread throughout Europe

  11. What Were the Causes of the Reformation? Immoral behavior Church Corruption (Social) Worldly Lifestyle Corrupt Practices Monarchs” desire to be free from Pope Political Power Monarchs could take Church’s lands Economic Reasons Money would stay in home country Invention of printing press Technology

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