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The End of the Cold War: Key Events and Figures Shaping Modern Geopolitics

This overview of Unit 6 explores significant events and challenges during the late 20th century, focusing on the end of the Cold War. It examines the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, and key figures such as Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher. The fall of the Berlin Wall marked a turning point leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the emergence of new nations. The impact of revolutions in Cuba and Iran, along with conflicts in the Middle East and Latin America are also discussed, highlighting the complex geopolitical landscape of the era.

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The End of the Cold War: Key Events and Figures Shaping Modern Geopolitics

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  1. KEY TERMS & IDEAS FOR UNIT 6

  2. End of the cold war • Problems facing the USSR in late 20th c. • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan • Mikhail Gorbachev • Roles of Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Pope John Paul II • Glasnost • Perestroika • Fall of Berlin Wall • Solidarity movement • End of communism in east Europe • Fall of Soviet Union • Boris Yeltsin • Commonwealth of Independent States • Chechnya • Vladimir Putin • Conflict in Yugoslavia • Conflict in Kosovo • Persian Gulf War • Problems facing the US as the sole superpower

  3. Revolutions – cuba & iran • Fulgencio Batista • Fidel Castro • Che Guevara • Changes under Castro • US-sponsored invasion of Cuba • Cuban Missile Crisis • Embargo on Cuba • Cuba AFTER the Revolution • Religious revivalism • Shah Reza Pahlavi • Problems in Iran before Rev. • Relationship w/US & USSR before Rev. • Iranian Revolution • Ayatollah RuhollahKhomeini • Shari’a in 20th c. Iran • Iran Hostage Crisis • President Ahmadinejad • Relationship w/Israel & the US after the Rev.

  4. The middle east in the 20th century • Gamal Abdul Nasser (Egypt) • Free Officers Movement (Egypt) • Muslim Brotherhood • Answar Sadat • Hosni Mubarak • Balfour Declaration • Creation of Israel • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict • Palestinian Liberation Front • Hamas, Hezbollah • Yasser Arafat • Israeli Prime Ministers (David Ben-Gurion, Golda Meir, Yitzhak Rabin, Ariel Sharon) • Creation of Turkey, features of modern Turkey • Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Ataturk) • Organization of OPEC • Persian Gulf War • Saddam Hussein • Arab Spring

  5. Latin america in the 20th c. • Mexican Rev. • Mexican Constitution (1917) • Party of the Institutionalized Revolution (Mexico) • NAFTA • Vicente Fox • Juan Jose Arevalo • United Fruit Company • Role of the US in Guatemala • Liberation Theology • Role of the military in L.America • Rising democratic trends • Relationships w/the US • Banana Republics • Good Neighbor Policy • Role of women • Role of workers • Culture in 20th c. L. America

  6. Demographic & environmental changes in the 20th c. • Demographic Impact of major conflicts • WWI, WWII • Korean War, Vietnam War • Revolutions & decolonization • Migrations • Rural to urban – where & why? • Global – where & why? • Population bomb in Africa – causes & consequences • Demographic transitions • Widespread disease – Spanish influenza, AIDS, SARS • Environmental impact of major conflicts • WWI, WWII • Korean War, Vietnam War • Revolutions & decolonization • Environmental problems • Soil depletion • Overpopulation • Industrial pollution • Greenhouse effect & global warming • Green Revolution • Rachel Carson – Silent Spring

  7. Globalization in the 20th & 21st centuries • Globalization • Impact of new technology • Economic globalization • Multinational corporations • Cultural globalization • Institutions of globalization • UN • World Health Organization • International Non-Governmental Orgs. • International Monetary Fund • World Bank • NAFTA • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) • Resistance to globalization • Rise of nationalism • Religious fundamentalism

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