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Hearing

Hearing. The Nature of Sound. Sound. Sound, like light, comes in waves Sound is vibration Features of sound include: Pitch Hertz decibels. Elements of Sound. Pitch A sound’s highness or lowness, which depends on the frequency of the sound wave. Is measured as hertz (Hz). Hertz

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Hearing

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  1. Hearing The Nature of Sound

  2. Sound • Sound, like light, comes in waves • Sound is vibration • Features of sound include: • Pitch • Hertz • decibels

  3. Elements of Sound • Pitch • A sound’s highness or lowness, which depends on the frequency of the sound wave. • Is measured as hertz (Hz) • Hertz • A measure of the number of sound wave peaks per second; measures “frequency” • Determines the pitch of the sound • Human hearing goes from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

  4. Elements of Sound • Decibel • A measure of the height of the sound wave • Determines the loudness of the sound • Sometimes called amplitude

  5. The Structure of the Auditory System • Parts of the Ear- Auditory Canal • The opening through which sound waves travel as they move into the ear for processing • Ends at the tympanic membrane (eardrum) • Tympanic membrane (eardrum) • The tissue barrier that transfers sound vibration from the air to the tine bones of the middle ear • Can be damaged by objects in the ear or exceptionally loud noises

  6. The Structure of the Auditory System

  7. The Structure of the Auditory System • Occicles • Three tiny bones that transfer sound waves from the eardrum to the cochlea • The bones are called the hammer, the anvil and the stirrup • Cochlea • The major organ of hearing; • a snail shaped bony body tube fluid-filled in the inner ear where sound waves are changed to neural impulses.

  8. The Structure of the Auditory System

  9. The Structure of the Auditory System • Oval Window • The point on the surface of the cochlea which receives the sound vibration from the ossicles • As the oval window vibrates, the fluid in the cochlea vibrates. • Hair Cells • The receptor cells for hearing; • located in the cochlea and are responsible for changing sound vibrations into neural impulses. • Similar to the rods and cones within the eye

  10. Parts of the Ear • Auditory Nerve • The nerve that carries sound information from the ears to the temporal lobes of the brain • Semicircular Canals • Organs in the inner ear used in sensing body orientation and balance (vestibular sense) • Relies on fluid in the canals • Spinning in circles disrupts the fluid.

  11. Parts of the Ear

  12. Divisions of the ear • Ear’s structure can be divided into: • The outer ear • The middle ear • The inner ear

  13. Divisions of the Ear

  14. Localization of Sound • Locating where sound is originating from • Done through two cues: • Which ear hears the sound first? • Which ear hears the louder sound?

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