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LEADERS. LEADERS. ___________ DOCTRINE. Soviet Leaders. END OF COMMUNISM. GORBACHEV’S PROBLEMS. 1. Poor economy inherited from Brezhnev 2. Corruption 3. Excessive military spending 4. Unwinnable war in Afghanistan. GORBACHEV’S PROGRAMS.
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GORBACHEV’S PROBLEMS • 1. Poor economy inherited from Brezhnev • 2. Corruption • 3. Excessive military spending • 4. Unwinnable war in Afghanistan
GORBACHEV’S PROGRAMS • 1. Glasnost – “openness” freedom of expression” Result: Lots of criticism of the Communist govt. • 2. Perestroika – economic reform • Result: Didn’t work • 3. Democratizatsya - democratization • Result: New Constitution makes government separate from Communist Party; more choice in elections • 4. Abandonment of Brezhnev Doctrine • Result: Eastern European satellites reject communism.
FALL OF COMMUNISM • 1. Gorbachev abandons Brezhnev Doctrine • 2. Election in Poland; Solidarity wins all seats it runs for; people reject Communism. • 3. Hungary opens borders, takes down “iron curtain” • 4. East Germans flee to Hungary; Berlin Wall opened • 5. Czechoslovakia has “Velvet Revolution” • 6. Romania’s dictator violently overthrown • 7. “Demokratzatsiya” in Soviet Union • 7. August Coup in 1991 discredits Gorbachev; boosts reformer Yeltsin • 8. Soviet Union dissolves; Christmas, 1991.