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Creativity School Motivation. What do you think?. Are you creative? How?. What is creativity?. Type 1: Divergent Thinking.
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CreativitySchoolMotivation What do you think?
Type 1: Divergent Thinking The ability to consciously generate new ideas that branch out to many possible solutions for a given problem. These solutions or responses are then scored on four components: • Originality - statistical infrequency of response • Fluency - number of responses • Flexibility - the degree of difference of the responses, in other words do they come from a single domain or multiple domains • laboration - the amount of detail of the response
Guilford’s Alternative Uses Task (1967) Name All the Uses for a brick
Wallas and Kogan (1965) Name things with wheels
Scoring • Originality - each response it compared to the total amount of responses from all of the people you gave the test to. Reponses that were given by only 5% of your group are unusual (1 point), responses that were given by only 1% of your group are unique - 2 points). Total all the point. Higher scores indicate creativity* • Fluency - total. Just add up all the responses. • Flexibility - or different categories. • Elaboration - amount of detail (for Example "a doorstop" = 0 whereas "a door stop to prevent a door slamming shut in a strong wind" = 2 (one for explanation of door slamming, two for further detail about the wind).
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (1962) What might this be?
Figural Thinking Creatively with Pictures Assesses 5 mental characteristics: • fluency • resistance to premature closure • Elaboration • abstractness of titles • Originality Creative strengths: • emotional expressiveness • internal visualization • storytelling articulateness • extending or breaking boundaries • movement or action • Humor • expressiveness of titles • richness of imagery • synthesis of incomplete figures • colorfulness of imagery • fantasy • unusual visualization
Type 2: Convergent Thinking The ability to correctly hone in the single correct solution to a problem. In creativity convergent thinking often requires taking a novel approach to the problem, seeing the problem from a different perspective or making a unique association between parts of the problem. Theses solutions are scored either correct or incorrect .
Insight Problems A problem that requires the examinee to shift his or her perceptive and view the problem in a novel way in order to achieve the solution. There are several types of insight problems. The three predominant types are verbal, mathematical, and spatial (Dow & Mayer 2003)
Verbal • Marsha and Marjorie were born on the same day of the same month of the same year to the same mother and the same father yet they are not twins. How is that possible?
Answer • They are triplets
Mathematical • There are ten bags, each containing ten gold coins, all of which look identical. In nine of the bags each coin is 16-ounces, but in one of the bags the coins are actually 17-ounces each. How is it possible, in a single weighing on an accurate weighing scale, to determine which bag contains the 17-ounce coins
Solution • Take a different amount of coins out from each bag. • 1 from the 1st bag, 2 from the 2nd, 3 from the 3rd etc. • Then weigh all those coins. • If all the bags weigh 16 ounces you will have 55 ounces (10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1). Any amount in excess of the 55 ounces will determine which bag contains the 17 ounces two ounces over = bag 2,if it is 7 ounces over = bag 7 etc).] • CLICK ON BAGS ABOVE FOR VISUAL SOLUTION
Spatial • Draw four continuous straight lines, connecting all the dots without lifting your pencil from the paper.
Solution • Solution: think outside of the box
Remote Association Task (Mednick, 1962) What single word associates these three words together?Cottage : Blue: Mouse
Type 3: Artistic Assessment The evaluations of an artistic product (e.g., painting, story, poem, musical composition, collage, drawing etc.). Evaluations are typically done by two or more judges that must be in near agreement on the creativity of the product.
Type 4: Self-Assessment Peoples’ responses to the amount of creativity a personal feels they exhibit. persons responses to the amount of creativity a person feels they exhibit.
All different scales • How many times have you… publis • Have you published a poem?
What motivates you to do school work and does it vary by topic?
FLOW DefinedMihályCsíkszentmihályi • Flow is the mental state of operation in which a person in an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and success in the process of the activity. • Flow is completely focused motivation. It is a single-minded immersion and represents perhaps the ultimate in harnessing the emotions in the service of performing and learning. • In flow, the emotions are not just contained and channeled, but positive, energized, and aligned with the task at hand. • To be caught in the ennui of depression or the agitation of anxiety is to be barred from flow.
