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Understanding Mendelian Genetics: Blending vs. Particulate Theory

This chapter explores Gregor Mendel's significant contributions to genetics, specifically the blending theory versus the particulate theory of inheritance. It discusses Mendel’s experiments with pea plants, illustrating key concepts such as genotype, phenotype, and alleles through various crosses. Visual aids, like Punnett squares and figures, demonstrate inheritance patterns and the ratio of traits in successive generations. Additionally, it touches upon complex topics like pleiotropy and multifactorial traits, providing a comprehensive understanding of classical genetics.

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Understanding Mendelian Genetics: Blending vs. Particulate Theory

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  1. Chapter 14 Pictures

  2. Today – • Announcements • .

  3. 19th Century Blending Theory

  4. Gregor Mendel

  5. Blending Theory vs. Particulate Theory Fig 14.4 Chromosome 1 Chromosome 1

  6. Table 14.1: Traits found in Mendel’s Peas

  7. Figure 14.2 Mendel’s crosses

  8. Fig 14.6: Genotype vs. Phenotype

  9. Hybrids/Heterozygous (Ss) True breeding True breeding Hybrids

  10. Phenotypes Behavioral Differences Physical Differences Molecular Differences

  11. Question 14.1

  12. Alleles Segregateduring gamete production

  13. Fig14.3 Parental Cross Outcome = All F1 have Purple flowers

  14. p p P P Genotypes, Phenotypes, Gametes, and Punnett Squares P Generation: X Where P = Purple allele For flower color Where p = white allele For flower color pp PP Possible gametes: Pollen Pollen Egg Egg

  15. p p p p p P P P P P p P (Parentals) F 1 generation Genotype= All Pp (Heterozygous or hybrid) Phenotype = All Purple flowers

  16. Fig14.3 First Filial Generation allowed to Self-pollinate Outcome = F2 have phenotypic ratio of 3 purple: 1 white

  17. p p p p p P P P P P p P F1 F1 F2 generation Genotype= 1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp Phenotype = 3 purple: 1 white

  18. TEST CROSS Y= Yellow seed y = green seed yy YY or Yy Phenotype = Dominant Genotype = Unknown

  19. y y ? y Y F1 generation Phenotypic Ratio = 1 yellow: 1 green Genotype of Test Plant = Yy (heterozygote) TEST CROSS

  20. Alleles for two genes on different chromosomes: seed color and seed shape (1) Seed Color Yellow (Y) Green (y) (2) Seed Shape (r) (R)

  21. Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross Gametes YR YR YR YR Gametes yr yr yr yr X yr All YyRr In the F1 generation YyRr YR

  22. Independent Assortment in Gametes YyRr

  23. Fig 14.8 Dihybrid Cross YyRr x YyRr (F1 self-pollination) 9:3:3:1 Phenotype (not genotype)

  24. Multiplication Rule YyRr x YyRr R r y Y R RR Rr YY Y Yy Rr rr yy r y Yy

  25. Cystic Fibrosis

  26. Huntington’s Disease

  27. Question 14.5 & 14.6

  28. M and N Glycoproteins on RBC MM NN MN M M N N M N M M N N M N M M N N N M

  29. Fig 14.10

  30. IA is dominant to i IB is dominant to i IA and IB are codominant

  31. Question 14.7

  32. Pleiotropy

  33. = aabb = Aabb; aaBb = AAbb; aaBB; AaBb = AABb; AaBB =AABB

  34. Is Hair Color Multifactorial?

  35. Amniocentesis and CVS

  36. PKU

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