Horticulture Development- Approaches for Operationalisation of National Horticulture Mission

1. Horticulture Development-Approaches for Operationalisation ofNational Horticulture Mission

2. Diversity in Horticulture Fruit Flowers Vegetables Spices Coconut Cocoa Medicinal & Aromatic Plants

3. Trends in Area and Production of Fruit, Vegetables and Overall Horticultural Crops Overall increase in Production- 50.90% Production Overall increase in vegetable production- 51.40% Overall increase in fruit production- 50.19% Overall increase in Area- 29.70% Area Overall increase in vegetable area- 10.0% Overall increase in fruit area- 39.72%

4. Trends in Productivity of Fruit, Vegetables and Overall Horticultural Crops Overall increase in vegetable productivity – 39. 72% Vegetables Fruit Overall increase in fruit productivity – 7.0% Horticultural Crops Overall increase in productivity –17.30%

5. Productivity of Horticultural Crops India vis-à-vis World, China and Brazil Productivity (T/Ha) * Source- FAO

6. Productivity of Fruits Productivity: Tonnes/ha.

7. Productivity of Vegetables Productivity: Tonnes/ha.

8. Export of Horticultural Commodities Source: APEDA

9. Share of India in World Horticultural Trade Source: FAO database

10. GOI Investments for Horticulture Development 16% of funds being spent in horticulture against total plan allocation of Rs 13200 crores for X Plan

11. GOI Investments in Horticulture during 2003-04 & 2004-05

12. Trends in Fruit & Vegetables Processing • 0.80% of horticultural produce is being processed • Total capacity to process fruit & vegetables- 1.75% • Only 46.04 % processing capacity is being utilized

13. Horticulture contributes 28.5% of GDP in agriculture and 52% of export share in agriculture from cultivated area of 8.5% Varying agrolimatic conditions permit cultivations of all types of crops found world over Fairly good research infrastructure available through, NRC’s, SAUs Seasonal advantage for export to temperate countries Largest producer of banana, mango and cabbage Largest producer and consumer of cashew and spices Increasing role of private sector in research, seed production, PHM & microirrigation equipments, processing and exports Indian Horticulture-Strengths

14. Large area under old/ senile plantation Poor quality of seeds/ planting material and low rate of replacement of seeds/ cultivars Lack of irrigation Economy of scales Inadequate storage and cold chain Inadequate research, extension and credit support High wastages of the produce (8-37%) Only 0.8% of produce is processed Inadequate processing and marketing infrastructure Inadequate institutional support particularly in NE and other hilly region Problem Areas

15. Lack of awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables as nutritional supplement Inadequate safety standards, infrastructure for quality check and enforcement mechanism Weak database Ill equipped Departments in States Poor HRD infrastructure Little hedge against uncetaininty/ risks Problem Areas- contd..

16. Need for Mission Approach • Focused attention on horticulture • Coordinated end to end approach • Resolving inter sectoral issues for addressing problem areas and promoting multi- dimensional reform- research, production, processing, marketing and institutional • Time bound accomplishment with a sense of urgency • Mission Statement: To double horticultural production to 300 million tonnes by the end of 2011-12 from the level of 152 million tonnes in 2001-02

17. Doubling Production For: • Meeting increasing demand for Nutritional security • Improving income of farmers Will lead to • More employment • Value addition • GDP

18. Tremendous Export Potential • Floriculture Export Potential- Rs. 1310 crores against the present level of Rs. 165.8 crores. • Medicinal & Aromatic Plants- Rs. 21,500 crores against the present level of Rs. 80 crores.

19. Demand and Consumption • Present production of fruit & vegetable (2001-02): 131.62 Million Tonnes • Available after losses, processing & exports: 107.49 • Per capita availability (2001-02): 287 g against ICMR norms of 400 g • Requirement of Fruit & Vegetables in 2011-12: 181 Million Tonnes to meet ICMR norms • Total requirement including other horticultural crops after meeting, losses, processing, exports (2011-12): 300 Million Tonnes

20. Mission Strategy • Improve productivity • Post harvest management • Processing • Marketing • Export

21. Production Strategies- to Improve productivity and acreage • Commercial production for selected crops on cluster basis – project-based approach • Micro irrigation • Strengthening delivery mechanism for appropriate seeds / nurseries / nutrients/pesticides • Establishment of plant health clinics (Tissue / Leaf analysis labs) • Hi-tech farming/precision farming • Research & extension on inputs/ farming systems/ technologies

22. Production Strategies- to Improve productivity and acreage Acreage Improvement Strategy: • New gardens through development of wasteland / utilization of bunds / diversification from other crops • Special thrust on Hill/ Island areas • Appropriate inter-cropping • Household gardening for vegetables and a few fruit trees for self-consumption • Organic farming/contract farming • Farmers’ HRD through institutional training/farm visits/ • Appropriate media support/experts’ visit to farmers’ site • Subsidy and credit at affordable rate of interest

23. Strategies- to ImprovePHM • The supply chain: growing-sorting/grading-packaging-storage transportation-processing-marketing • It is indeed a web, not a chain • Interventions: • Organise farmers’ groups, cooperatives on models including NDDB model,self-help groups, producer companies and other associations • Provide for collection centres and transportation to local markets • Provide for a network of cold chain storages/reefer vans all over the country in cooperative/private/ public sector

24. STATEWISE COLD STORAGE CAPCITY INSTALLED (IN TONNES) Punjab Arunachal Pradesh 5000 Nagaland 6150 Rajasthan Meghalaya 3200 Gujarat Tripura 31450 Orissa Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka • Inadequate • Marked regional variation Tamil Nadu

25. Strategies- to ImproveMarketing • Substantial gap between farmers’ share in consumers' price • A number of marketing practices • Farmer – Consolidator – Trader – Commission Agent – Wholesaler – Retailer – Consumer • 7307 markets regulated by APMCs • NDDB Bangalore model (transparency, cold chains, linkage with farmers) • Need to provide infrastructure for local markets,help set up NDDB type markets • Different markets in one location may continue to provide competition

26. Regulated Markets in India * 35 Himachal Pradesh Punjab 437 Haryana 284 * * 585 Rajasthan 413 40 * * Bihar 510 * Tripura 21 * Gujarat 403 M.P. 1806 Chattisgarh -177 662 Orissa 314 871 Andhra Pradesh 589 496 • Inadequate • Regional variation • Not well regulated * Tamil Nadu 287

28. Strategies- to ImproveProcessing • About 0.8% of production processed • Processing capacity and distribution • Processing facilities to be set up in production clusters • Technology up gradation/ research required

29. Food Processing Units in the Country Punjab Arunachal Pradesh Haryana Rajasthan Nagaland Meghalaya Manipur Gujarat Tripura Mizoram Orissa Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu • Uneven distribution • To relate to production Kerala

30. Strategies- to Improve Export promotion • APEDA approach to continue and be strengthened • Marketing Intelligence through Ministry of Commerce • Marketing research needed • Standard development, testing facilities and enforcement mechanism required • Training of farmers/ entrepreneurs

31. Specific strategies for floriculture & medicinal plants • Commercial floriculture covers only 106477 ha. • Requires intensive skills for farming and marketing • Selected areas and entrepreneurs need to be provided with infrastructural, financial and marketing support • Medicinal plants would involve sustainable farming in forests and new plantations-marketing through specialized agencies.

32. Policy Framework • Credit policy--untimely, insufficient, high-cost credit • Insurance policy--only covered under insurance;that too ineffective • Taxation policy-- need for regular review of excise, sales tax, trade tariff • Trade policy--FTA, WTO issues • Legal and regulatory framework--APMC Act, MOUs for contract farming,Seeds Act, Food safety Act, Quality standardization • Agriculture/ Horticulture policy • Nutrition policy • Health Policy • Planning for key infrastructure such as link roads, power and water availability

33. Structure of the Mission • National– • develop overall vision • appraisal of States’ and National level agencies' plans • providing funds, infrastructure, technical support • appropriate policy framework • supervision, monitoring and evaluation • State- Planning, appraisal, implementation, support to districts • District- Evolve district Plans and implement

34. Mission Structure Executive Committee Secretary (A&C)- Chairperson Secretaries of concerned Ministries/ Experts/ Farmers’ representative-Members Mission Director (AS)- Member Secretary General Council Agriculture Minister- Chairperson Ministers/ Secretaries of concerned Ministries/ Experts/ Farmers’ representative-Members Mission Director (AS)- Member Secretary NATIONAL Mission Secretariat Horticulture Division TECHNICAL SUPPORT GROUP STATE HORTICULTURE MISSION STATE General Council Minister (Horticulture/Agriculture)- Chairperson Ministers/ Secretaries of concerned Ministries/ Experts/ Farmers’ representative/ State level cooperatives/ National Mission Representative- Members State Mission Director-Member Secretary Executive Committee Chief Secretary/ APC- Chairperson Secretaries of concerned Ministries/ Experts/ Farmers’ representative/ State level cooperatives/ Central Nominees -Members State Mission Director - Member Secretary District Mission Committee DC/ Collector-Chairman Farmers Group/ SHGs/ District level cooperatives- Members DHO- Member Secretary DISTRICT Block Level- Extension Officers/ Cooperative Societies Village Level- Extension Officers/ Cooperative Societies BLCOK VILLAGE

35. General Council (G.C.) of the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) Composition GC under Chairmanship of Agriculture Minister and Ministers of Commerce, FPI, SSI, RD, S&T & Indigenous System of Medicines; Representatives from GOI/ State; Governments/Experts/ Farmers / Organizations will be Members with Additional Secretary & Mission Director as Member Secretary. Role: • Guide development of policy framework for promotion of horticulture • Monitor progress from time to time

36. National Level Executive Committee (EC) of the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) Composition EC will work under the Chairmanship of Secretary (A&C) and Secretaries of concerned Departments from GOI; Representative of National Level Organizations; Experts/ Farmers will be Members with Additional Secretary & Mission Director as Member Secretary Role & Functions : • To approve the Perspective Plan and Annual Action Plan of the States and National Level • To monitor the performance of the approved programmes /projects with Mission assistance. • To provide support to the entire range of activities for promoting horticulture. • To provide coordination among different agencies concerned with the Mission objectives. • To approve norms of assistance to promote different types of activities under the Mission. • To evolve appropriate policies for promotion of horticulture in the country.  

37. Secretariat of Mission Functions of the Secretariat • Existing Horticulture Division to be strengthened • To appraise Plans received from the States and the national level agencies/organizations for assistance from the Mission. • To release funds to the State Missions and implementing agencies on clearance of the Integrated Finance Division as per the Action Plan approved by the E.C. • To arrange capacity building programmes for the states by organizing regional workshops in respect of different horticultural products. • To organize supervision and monitoring of various activities of the Mission. • To organize studies to support supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the programmes/projects. • To be represented on the State Missions and attend its quarterly meetings. • To provide administrative and technical support to the G.C. and the E.C.

38. Technical Support Group TSG will: • Assist the Secretariat & will be located in NHB • Mount six monthly supervision of Mission • Evaluate Mission & Meet biannually • Conduct crop/ regional studies • Organize capacity building seminars • Assist States in preparing Plans • Document success stories for cross State learning • Visit States frequently and arrange technical support • Provide media support to the Mission

39. State Level Structure • A registered Society facilitate fund flow and flexibility to the system • Society will have: • General Council which will work under the Chairmanship of State Agriculture/ Horticulture Minister and Ministers of Concerned Ministries; Representatives from GOI/ State Governments/Experts/ Farmers/ Organization will be Members with Additional Secretary & Mission Director as Member Secretary • Executive Committee will be Chaired by Chief Secretary/ APC with members from concerned sectors/ organisations/ experts/ user representatives with Secy. (Hort) as Member Secretary.

40. Functions of the State Level Society • Prepare Perspective and State Level Action Plan in consonance with Mission’s goals and objective. • Organize/ conduct of base-line studies in different parts (District, sub-District or a group of Districts) to determine the status of horticultural production, post-harvest management, processing and marketing of different horticultural products. • Provide assistance to the Farmers’ Societies, NGOs, State level institutions as per norms and plans approved by the National Mission. • Organize conduct of studies to support to support supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the programmes. • To provide coordination among different agencies concerned with different aspects of horticultural development, namely, production, post-harvest management, processing , marketing and R&D. • To evolve appropriate policies in connection with development of horticulture in the State.

41. District level Committee • Composition • District level Committee will work under Collector/C.E.O Zilla Parishad and Distt. Officers of RD/ SSI /Marketing Representative(s) of Distt. Level Cooperative Society as Member(s) with Distt. Hort./Agri Officer Member Secretary • Role • Generation of information • Preparation of action plan • Execution of the programmes • Monitoring of fund utilization • Provide coordination among different agencies.

42. Fund Flow Mechanism • The E.C of the National Mission will approve the Plans submitted by the State Mission Societies and National level organizations based on the appraisal done by the Mission Secretariat. • Research proposals will be first vetted by a National Advisory Committee under the chairmanship of Director General, ICAR or his representative, before being submitted to the E.C. at the National level. • Funds will be released once the Plans are approved, to the concerned agencies in suitable installments by the Secretariat of the Mission with FA’s approval.

43. Involvement of Organizations • NHB • Other directorates/ subordinate offices • NCDC • NAFED • DMI • ICAR • SFAC • NRCs (ICAR) • MFPI • AYUSH • Roles to be redefined

44. Current On Going Schemes • Integrated Development of Coconut including Technology Mission on Coconut-CDB • Development of Commercial Horticulture through production and post harvest management- NHB • Capital Investment Subsidy Scheme for Cold Storage and Storage- NHB • Integrated Development of Horticulture in Tribal/ Hilly Area • Technology Mission for the Integrated Development of Horticulture in North Eastern States Including Sikkim -extended to J&K, H.P & Uttaranchal during X plan. • Human Resource Development in Horticulture • All the Schemes to form part of the Mission • Centre-State fund pattern to be decided • States not to reduce their level of expenditure below the current level

45. Norms for Assistance

46. Norms for Assistance • 5% assistance to States for meeting cost on project formulation, over head expenses • Executive Council of National level Mission will revise the norms in the light of emerging experiences

47. Fund requirement during X Plan (2004-5 to 2006-7) and XI Plan under NHM (Rs. in crores) • Available in 10th Plan- Rs. 2105 crores • Gap to be met through funds from external donor agencies

48. Expected Outcome • Double horticultural production of 300 million tonnes • Per capita availability of fruits and vegetables will be 459 g/ per person/ day • Horticulture sector will generate approximately 497 crores man days of employment • Increased farm income • Increased horticultural export • Increased contribution to GDP