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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Definition: greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 18 th century. Textile: A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric. England had small farms. Bought up by large landowners. .

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution • Definition: greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 18th century. • Textile: A cloth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting; a fabric. • England had small farms. Bought up by large landowners.

  2. Large enclosures forced new technology - did what to peasants? JethroTull and Seed Drill Crop Rotation / Breeding led to more available food/resources. Leads to…? Beginnings

  3. Advantages of Britain Large population (pop. Increase) Nat. Resources=coal, iron, H2O, rivers, harbors Military stability on home land Factors of Production Land, Labor, Capital Britain

  4. Economics • Capital -money -investments • Enterprise -business -shipping -mining -railroads -factories Who or what are entrepreneurs?

  5. Questions • In what ways did geographical features assist industrial progress in England? • In what ways did humans change their environment for industrial progress? • Which natural characteristics were most important for the industrial revolution?

  6. Factors of Production Land Labor Capital • Britain takes the lead

  7. Revolution in the textile industry • Shift from the cottage industry to the factory system (power source?) 1).Harvest and clean the fiber or wool 2). Card it and spin it into threads 3). Weave the threads into cloth 4). Sew the cloth into clothes • New machinery led to England taking the lead.

  8. 1733 John Kay: The flying shuttle (weaving) What was a concern with the flying shuttle? 1760’s James Hargreaves: The spinning jenny (improved spinning wheel) 1793 Eli Whitney: The cotton gin Critical Inventions

  9. What do you think is driving new innovations?

  10. James Watt’s improved steam engine led to canals, shipping, etc. Who originally designed the steam engine? For what purpose? New road systems -turnpikes George Stephenson - locomotive. Led to Manchester-Liverpool (16 mph, fast). Railroads expanded quickly. Why are railroads important? Other Imp. Inventions

  11. Replica of "The Rocket"

  12. Impact on society… • Population boom: • (1750) European pop: 140 million • (1850) European pop: 266 million • Urbanization…growth of cities {movement of people to cities} • (1800) London: 1 million • (1850) London:2.5 million

  13. Impact on society… Focus on industrial capitalism Late 1800s: nobles became the rich upper class Middle class grew Lower class: workers and peasants

  14. Government non-interaction Garbage, police, crowding. Life span, medical problems. Women and child labor eventually curbed. Living

  15. Factories • Avg. work day: 14 hours. • Avg. work week: 6 days, if not 7. • Benefits? • Child/Women Labor • Cotton factories • Coal mining

  16. Liberal Movements in Response • Labor laws to help workers • Formation of Unions • New ideas/movements/isms • Socialism, Communism

  17. Reform (Enlightenment Ideas) • Factory Act 1833: limited child labor • Illegal under 9, limited hours for others • Mines Act 1842: limited women/children in mines • Ten Hours Act 1847: take a guess • Schooling

  18. Union and Reform Movements • Union: The act of uniting or the state of being united. • Collective Bargaining (negotiations) leads to strikes. Ineffective until skilled workers unite with unskilled • Combination Acts (1799, 1800) • Repealed in 1825

  19. Luddites • Textile workers • Why would they resist the mechanization of the textile industry? • Smashed machines, burned factories • Widely supported

  20. United…in the Industrial Revolution Causes: • Demand for more goods • Need to meet the demand • New developments in machinery • New developments in industry • Mass production • New Factories • New Jobs • Urban development • Industrial Revolution

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