US. History Spring Final

1. US. History Spring Final KPHS Spring 2011

2. During the 1930’s, the United States focused largely on domestic issues. • During the 1930’s, Hitler, Mussolini, and the military leaders of Japan began invading neighboring lands. • Nazism was an extreme form of fascism. • An important strategy used by American forces in the Pacific was island hopping. • In 1940, one of the greatest rescues in the history of warfare occurred at Dunkirk.

3. 6.Who inspired the British people to resist the German invasion? Winston Churchill 7.Hitler used which of the following military strategies when invading Poland? blitzkrieg 8.When did the U.S. declare war on the Axis Powers? after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 9.Which is NOT a reason women faced new job opportunities during the war? married women were required to work or volunteer time for the war effort 10.What did the federal government do to finance WWII? launch bond drives, raise income taxes and use deficit spending.

4. The War Relocation Board placed what group of Americans in internment camps during WWII? Japanese Americans • How did things change on the home front for African-Americans during the war years? African Americans took direct action to promote racial equality • The Germans were finally halted in their advance into the Soviet Union at the battle of Stalingrad. • When was DDay? What happened? June 6, 1944. The landing of Allied forces on France’s Normandy Coast. • What did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decided to do at the Yalta conference? Divide the defeated Germany into four sectors—American, British, French and Soviet.

5. How were Nazi concentration camps different from traditional concentration camps? They held people such as Jews, homosexuals, people with mental and physical disabilities and Jehovah’s witnesses. • Because of the war, large numbers of women began to work as steelworkers and welders • What happened to Japanese-Americans during World War II? They were interned in camps in isolated areas • The largest battle fought in Western Europe during WWII was the Battle of the Bulge • What inspired Franklin Roosevelt to organize the top-secret Manhattan Project quickly? Germany was developing the Atom bomb before the United States

6. What happened after the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Japan acceptd American terms of surrender • The Soviet Union wanted to rebuild after the war in ways that would protect its own interests • Why did the United States become involved in affairs in the Middle East following World War II? To prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling under Soviet influence • After World War II, what organization was formed on the basis of the Atlantic Charter? The United Nations • What changes took place in the African-American civil rights movement after WWII? The movement accelerated

7. After the war, the Soviet Union quickly took control of several Eastern European countries • What are satellite nations? Nations dominated by the Soviet Union • What did President Truman promise in the Truman Doctrine? To support nations trying to resist Soviet control • What was the main goal of the Marshall Plan? To create stable democracies that could resist communism • What was the Berlin airlift? President Truman’s response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin

8. When did the Berlin Airlift occur? After the Soviets blocked Allied access to West Berlin • For nearly 50 years, the Cold War was characterized by political conflict and military tensions • President Truman ordered an end to discrimination in the armed forces • Which country controlled Korea for much of the first half of the twentieth century? Japan • How was Korea divided at the end of World War II? Southern pro-American government and Northern pro-Communist government

9. 36. The Chinese Civil War also led up to the Korean War. • Which president ordered an end to discrimination in the military? Truman • Americans thought the invasion by North Korea was initiated by the Soviet Union • What was the outcome of the Korean War? Korea remained divided at almost exactly the same place as before the war • As a result of the Korean War, the United States succeeded in keeping South Korea free of communism

10. What was the final resolution of the Korean War? the dividing line stayed about the same • The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was based on the principle of collective security • What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society? He encouraged a widespread fear of communism • Under President Eisenhower, the United States acted to oppose Soviet influence in the Middle East • What was the result of the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957? Caused Congress to increase spending on teaching science and mathematics

11. Television helped spur economic growth through its advertisements • What did American society in the 1950s expected women to do? Manage the household • Rock-and-roll gave the young people of the 1950s a style they could call their own. • The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education ended the separate but equal doctrine • Kennedy’s victory in the 1960 presidential election was a very slim margin

12. What major issues were addressed in the New Frontier proposals? The economy, poverty and the space program • What did president Eisenhower do when Fidel Castro seized American property in Cuba? He halted exports to Cuba • In 1961, President Kennedy committed NASA and the nation to the goal of landing a man on the moon within the decade • What event brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war? The Cuban Missile Crisis • Why did the Soviets build the Berlin Wall? To prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West

13. How did the Soviets provoked Kennedy to quarantine Cuba? Positioning missiles on Cuban soil • What was the eventual result of the Cuban Missile Crisis? The Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba • What was the Warren Commission decision on Kennedy’s assassination? It was committed by a lone assassin • How was Martin Luther King, Jr. influenced by Gandhi? He was influenced by Ghandi’s belief in nonviolent protest • Martin Luther King, Jr. and other members of the SCLC encouraged a policy of nonviolent protest

14. What were the major beliefs of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)? using nonviolent techniques to end racism • Who were the organizers of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)? African American clergymen • The Black Panthers wanted African Americans to lead their own communities • Who wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” ? Martin Luther King, Jr. • Why did Civil rights leaders target Birmingham in 1963? it was the most segregated city in the country

15. The goal of Freedom Summer and the Selma March were to make people aware of what? African American’s lack of voting rights • What effect did television coverage of the brutal tactics used against protesters by the Birmingham police have on Americans? They were appalled by the violence • What was the goal of the 1963 March on Washington? Convince congress to pass civil rights legislation • What was the highlight of the March on Washington? Many African Americans were elected to office at all levels

16. What changes took place after Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965? many African American registered to vote • What were the results of the of the civil rights movement? Thousands of African Americans could vote for the first time • Which U.S. leaders were assassinated in 1968? Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy • What were the major guiding principle behind the foreign policies of Kennedy and Johnson? to stop the spread of Communism

17. The term feminism describes the theory of equality of men and women • The women’s movement of the 1960s grew out of women’s frustration with various forms of job discrimination • What was exposed by the book Silent Spring? The harmful use of chemicals such as DDT • The women’s movement borrowed legal tools and inspiration from which other movement? Civil Rights Movement • How did the appearance of counterculture, men and women change during the 1960s? Men and women grew their hair long and wore nontraditional clothes

18. What was the Woodstock festival? 400,000 people gathered for a peaceful concert of major rock bands • What did the United States fear would happen if it did not get involved in Vietnam? Communists would take over • What major advantage did the Viet Cong guerrillas have over the U.S. military? Elaborate tunnel systems • What was Agent Orange used for during the Vietnam War? expose Viet Cong hiding places • What event caused the major escalation of the war in Vietnam? Passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

19. What effect did television have on the Vietnam War? it brought the brutality of the war into people’s living rooms • The student protest movement of the 1960s emerged from the civil rights movement • What happened at Kent State University? Tensions between student protesters and National Guardsmen resulted in four deaths • The Vietnam War finally ended in 1975 when North Vietnam gained control over all of Vietnam