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TOOLS. Locate the Pain: Body Maps. Body maps are useful for the precise location of pain symptoms and sensory signs.*. *In cases of referred pain, the location of the pain and of the injury or nerve lesion/dysfunction may not be correlated

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  1. TOOLS

  2. Locate the Pain: Body Maps Body maps are useful for the precise location of pain symptoms and sensory signs.* *In cases of referred pain, the location of the pain and of the injury or nerve lesion/dysfunction may not be correlated Gilron I et al. CMAJ 2006; 175(3):265-75; Walk D et al. Clin J Pain 2009; 25(7):632-40.

  3. Pain History Worksheet • Site of pain1 • What causes or worsens the pain? 1 • Intensity and character of pain1 • Associated symptoms? 1 • Pain-related impairment in functioning? 1 • Relevant medical history1 Patient history and physical exam are usually sufficient to determine a functional diagnosis2 1. Ayad AE et al. J Int Med Res 2011; 39(4):1123-41; 2. IASP. Available at: http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/GlobalYearAgainstPain2/VisceralPainFactSheets/3-AcuteVsChronic.pdf. Accessed 1 December, 2014.

  4. Determine Pain Intensity Simple Descriptive Pain Intensity Scale No pain Worst pain Very severe pain Mild pain Moderate pain Severe pain 0–10 Numeric Pain Intensity Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No pain Moderate pain Worst possible pain Faces Pain Scale – Revised International Association for the Study of Pain. Faces Pain Scale – Revised. Available at: http://www.iasp-pain.org/Content/NavigationMenu/GeneralResourceLinks/FacesPainScaleRevised/default.htm. Accessed: July 15, 2013; Iverson RE et al. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 118(4):1060-9.

  5. APS Questionnaire • Measures 6 aspects of quality: • Pain severity and relief • Impact of pain on activity, sleep and negative emotions • Side effects of treatment • Helpfulness of information about pain treatment • Ability to participate in pain treatment decisions • Use of non-pharmacological strategies Gordon DB et al. J Pain 2010; 11(11):1172-86.

  6. Brief Pain Inventory Cleeland CS, Ryan KM. Ann Acad MedSingapore 1994; 23(2):129-38.

  7. McGill Pain Questionnaire Melzack R. Pain 1975; 1(3):277-99.

  8. Pain Assessment: PQRST Mnemonic • Provocative and Palliative factors • Quality • Region and Radiation • Severity • Timing, Treatment Budassi Sheehy S, Miller Barber J (eds). Emergency Nursing: Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. Mosby; St. Louis, MO: 1992.

  9. ISSVD Vulvodynia Pattern Questionnaire Full questionnaire ISVVD = International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Available at: https://netforum.avectra.com/temp/ClientImages/ISSVD/3ef9c6ea-aac7-4d2b-a37f-058ef9f11a67.pdf. Accessed March 24, 2015.

  10. Vulval Pain Functional Questionnaire Available at: http://www.medstarhealth.org/content/uploads/sites/8/2015/02/PMandR_VulvarPainQuestionnaire111910.pdf. Accessed March 24, 2015. Full questionnaire

  11. Vulval Pain Questionnaire Full questionnaire Available at: http://www.vulvalpainsociety.org/vps/images/pdf/vulval_pain_questionnaire_final_for_bssvd.pdf. Accessed March 24, 2015.

  12. Depression Scales

  13. PHQ-9 Kroenke K et al. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606-13.

  14. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)

  15. Montgomery-ÅsbergDepression Rating Scale Montgomery SA, Asberg M. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134:382-9.

  16. Beck Depression Inventory Beck AT et al.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71.

  17. Anxiety Scales

  18. Beck Anxiety Inventory Beck AT et al. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893-7.

  19. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAM-A) Hamilton M. Br J Med Psychol. 1959;32:50-5.

  20. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361-70.

  21. Pain Disability Scale

  22. Pain Disability Index Tait RC, Chibnall JT, Krause S. The Pain Disability Index: psychometric properties. Pain. 1990;40:171-82.

  23. Literature Cited Ayad, A. E., Ghaly, N., Ragab, R., Majeed, S., Nassar, H., Al Jalabi, A., … Schug, S. A. (2011). Expert panel consensus recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of acute pain in the Middle East region. The Journal of International Medical Research, 39(4), 1123–1141. Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571. Budassi Sheely, S., & Miller Barber, J. (1992). Emergency Nursing: Principles and Practice. St Louis: Mosby. Cleeland, C. S., & Ryan, K. M. (1994). Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 23(2), 129–138. Gilron, I., Watson, C. P. N., Cahill, C. M., & Moulin, D. E. (2006). Neuropathic pain: a practical guide for the clinician. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal de l’Association Medicale Canadienne, 175(3), 265–275. http://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.060146

  24. Literature Cited Gordon, D. B., Polomano, R. C., Pellino, T. A., Turk, D. C., McCracken, L. M., Sherwood, G., … Farrar, J. T. (2010). Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ-R) for quality improvement of pain management in hospitalized adults: preliminary psychometric evaluation. The Journal of Pain: Official Journal of the American Pain Society, 11(11), 1172–1186. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.012 Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. The British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50–55. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. Melzack, R. (1975). The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain, 1(3), 277–299. Montgomery, S. A., & Asberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 134, 382–389. Tait, R. C., Chibnall, J. T., & Krause, S. (1990). The Pain Disability Index: psychometric properties. Pain, 40(2), 171–182. Vulval Pain Society. (n.d.). Vulval Pain Questionnaire. Retrieved June 25, 2015, from http://www.vulvalpainsociety.org/vps/images/pdf/vulval_pain_questionnaire_final_for_bssvd.pdf

  25. Literature Cited Vulvar Pain Questionnaire. (n.d.). Retrieved June 25, 2015, from http://ct1.medstarhealth.org/content/uploads/sites/8/2015/02/PMandR_VulvarPainQuestionnaire111910.pdf Walk, D., Sehgal, N., Moeller-Bertram, T., Edwards, R. R., Wasan, A., Wallace, M., … Backonja, M.-M. (2009). Quantitative sensory testing and mapping: a review of nonautomated quantitative methods for examination of the patient with neuropathic pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 25(7), 632–640. http://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181a68c64 Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361–370.

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