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International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Potential and Costs for Controlling Particulate Matter in Europe. Approach to PM Assessment. Health impact theories still controversial (PM mass, size, number, carbonaceous, etc.)

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International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)

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  1. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Potential and Costs for Controlling Particulate Matter in Europe

  2. Approach to PM Assessment • Health impact theories still controversial (PM mass, size, number, carbonaceous, etc.) • Integrated assessment for all impact theories (as far as possible) to determine set of robust measures • First step: PM mass, distinguish PM size classes • Future work: other PM properties (carbonaceous, metals, alkaline, etc.)

  3. Methodology • Emission factors for TSP first • mass balance approach for stationary combustion sources • reported factors for the mobile and other sources • PM10 and PM2.5 fractions for uncontrolled emissions • Uncontrolled emission factors forfine / coarse / PM>10 • Size-specific emission removal efficiencies

  4. Initial Projections of Primary PM EU-15 Non-EU

  5. PM10 emissionsby source sector [kilotons]

  6. PM2.5 emissionsby source sector [kilotons]

  7. Stationary Sources: Cyclones Fabric filters Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) 1 field 2/3 fields 3+ fields Improved combustion techniques for small sources Mobile Sources: EURO-II EURO-III EURO-IV EURO-V PM control optionsconsidered in RAINS

  8. Control potential for primary PM emissions

  9. PM emission control costs(Billion Euro/year)

  10. Major open issues • Emissions from wood burning • Re-suspension • Road • Rail • Material handling • Waste treatment & disposal, solvents • Verification with national experts

  11. On the Internet • Free access to PM module • National databases • Emission calculations and projections • Cost calculations and cost curves • http://www.iiasa.ac.at/~rains

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