Chapter 2

1. Chapter 2 Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives

2. The Noun • A noun is a word or word group that is used to name a person, place, thing, or an idea. • Person—George Washington, teacher, chef • Place—Grand Canyon, city, kitchen • Things—lamp, notebook • Ideas—happiness, liberty

3. Types of Nouns • Compound Nouns • Single noun made up of two or more words. Can be written as one word, hyphenated, or two or more words. • Examples: grandmother, mother-in-law, jumping jack • Proper and Common Nouns • Proper nouns name a particular person, place, thing, or ideas. • Example: English, England, Alabama • Common nouns name any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas and is generally not capitalized. • Example: language, country, state

4. Types of nouns cont’d • Concrete Nouns and Abstract Nouns • Concrete nouns name a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses • Examples: photograph, music, rose • Abstract nouns name an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic. • Examples: love, fun, freedom • Collective Nouns • Word that names a group • Examples: audience, class, family

5. The Pronoun • A pronoun is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns. • Examples: • Ask Dan if Dan has done Dan’s homework. • Ask Dan if he has done his homework. • The word or word group that a pronoun stands for (or refers to) is called its antecedent. • For example, Dan is the antecedent for he and Dan’s is the antecedent for his.

6. Types of Pronouns • Personal Pronouns—refers to the one speaking (first person), the one spoken to (second person), or the one spoken about (third person).

7. Types of Pronouns cont’d • Reflexive—refers to the subject and is necessary to the meaning of the sentence. • Tara enjoyed herself at the party. • Intensive—emphasizes a noun or other pronoun and is unnecessary to the meaning of the sentence. • I myself cooked that delicious dinner. • There are 8 reflexive and intensive pronouns. • Myself, ourselves (first person), yourself, yourselves (second person), him/herself, itself, themselves (third person).

8. Types of Pronouns, cont’d • Demonstrative—points a person, place, thing, or idea. • This, that, these, those • Example: This is the book I bought for my sister. • Interrogative—introduces a question. • What, which, who, whom, whose • Example: What is the best brand of frozen yogurt? • Indefinite—refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that may or may not be specifically named. • All, each, many, nobody, other, several, any, either, more, none, several, any, everything, most, no one, some, both, few, much, one, something

9. Types of Pronouns cont’s • Relative—introduces a subordinate clause • That, which, who, whom, whose • Example: Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the Declaration of Independence, was our country’s third president.

10. The Adjective • An adjective is a word that is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. • Describes the noun/pronoun by telling what kind, which one, how much, or how many. • Examples: A woman, kind and helpful, gave us directions.

11. Types of Adjectives • Articles • A, an, the • Demonstrative—this, that, these, and those • When they modify a noun or pronoun, they are adjectives. When they are used alone, they are pronouns • This drawing is mine, and that drawing is his. (adj) • This is mine and that is his. (pronoun)

12. Types of Adjective cont’d • Proper Adjectives • Is formed from a proper noun • Example: Thanksgiving dinner, Alabama residents, Mexican citizens