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Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Notes

This lecture provides an overview of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton, including the bones of the upper limbs (brachium and antebrachium) and lower limbs. Latin terms for key anatomical structures are also discussed. Learn about the various joints and their movements, as well as common joint disorders. Use the provided diagrams and worksheets to enhance your understanding of this topic.

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Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Notes

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  1. ANATOMY • Appendicular Skeleton Lecture Notes

  2. LATIN TERMS • Odon = tooth • Pect = breast • Pelv= basin • Sutur= seam • Vert = turn; joint • Endo = within • Epi= upon • Lamina = thin plate

  3. / Fibula TARSALS PHALANGES HUMERUS PHALANGES

  4. SUPERIOR • Clavicles are “S” shaped bones that originate at the superior lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum (jugular notches) • Scapulas are flat bones located at the posterior lateral portion of the body. LATERAL MEDIAL INFERIOR

  5. Brachium and Antebrachium • Brachium = Upper Limb • 30 bones per limb • Brachium contains the humerus • Antebrachium or forearm contains the radius & ulna (radius on thumb side) • Carpus or wrist contains 8 small bones arranged in two rows • Manus or hand contains 19 bones in 2 groups • 5 metacarpals in the palm • 14 phalanges in the fingers

  6. Upper Limbs: (Brachium) • Humerus is a long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow. • The superior round portion that articulates with the scapula is known as the head • Be able to identify the greater and lesser tubercles…PAGE 242 in AP book. Important site for muscle attachment • Any blow to the ulnar nerve will send a sensation known as a funny bone 

  7. BONES OF THE FOREARM (Antebrachium) • The humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at a location known as the condyle • Ulna is a long bone that is medial to the radius. • The olecranon process is the superior end of the ulna and is the point of the elbow • Radius is the lateral bone of the forearm • PAGE 243 in AP book

  8. I V • CARPAL BONES • The carpus is the wrist containing 8 carpal short bones • Is this diagram showing correct anatomical positioning???? • Metacarpals are short bones that articulate with the distal carpal bones to support the hand • Roman numerals are used to identify the metacarpals from lateral to medial • Phalanges (14 finger bones) that articulate distally to the metacarpal bones • Thumb is known as the pollex IV III II

  9. Checking for understanding! • Skeleton worksheet: Color the axial and appendicular skeleton and then identify ALL the bones of the ENTIRE skeleton. • Use pages 207 and 239 in the A & P book. • Colored pencils can be found in the back of the room.

  10. THE PELVIC GIRDLE aka Ossa Coxae

  11. Ilium Pubis Ischium Pubic symphysis made of cartilage

  12. Comparison of Male & Female • Female: less massive, shallower pubic arch greater than 100 degrees, and pelvic inlet round or oval • Male: heavier, upper pelvis nearly vertical, coccyx more vertical, and pelvic inlet heart-shaped, outlet smaller

  13. HINT: Woman’s pelvis must be larger to allow for childbirth.

  14. LOWER LIMBS

  15. FEMUR pg 250 • Longest and heaviest bone in the body • Head • Neck • Shaft • Greater Trochanter CONDYLE

  16. A triangular Sesamoid bone • Enclosed within the tendons • Guards the knee joint

  17. Tibia and Fibula • Tibia- Large medial bone that articulates with the condyles of the femur and helps support weight • Tibia= shinbone • Fibula - Parallels the lateral border of the tibia and aids in moving the foot and toes

  18. Tarsals, MetaTarsals and phalanges I II • Tarsals= ankle and heel • Heel= Calcaneus • Metatarsals=middle of the foot and Roman numerals are used to identify the metatarsals from medial to lateral….this is opposite than the metacarpals • Phalanges- 14 toe bones, the great toe #1 has 2 phalanges and the other 4 toes have 3 phalanges III IV V

  19. HUMAN ANATOMY JOINTS (aka… articulations)

  20. LATIN TERMS that you will find very helpful in remembering JOINTS! • Arthros = joint • Syn = together • Amphi = both sides • Dia = through • Planta = sole • In = into

  21. Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis (synovial joints)

  22. TYPES OF JOINTS • Use pg. 268 in your book to identify the various types of joints and and examples per the human body!

  23. Dis-stabilizing Joints • Dislocation (luxation) • Articulating bones are forced out of position by extreme stress • Can cause damage to cartilage, ligaments or distort the joint cavity • Subluxation • Partial dislocation • Less severe • “double-jointed” persons more likely to suffer subluxation

  24. Synovial Joint Movements Pg. 263-267 • Gliding • 2 surfaces slide past each other • Circumduction • Rotation • Flexion/extension • Supination/pronation • Opposition • LABEL THE PICTURES ON YOUR HANDOUT

  25. Pg. 263-267 Synovial Joint Movements • Inversion/eversion • Retraction/protraction • Depression/elevation • Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion • Lateral flexion • Abduction/adduction

  26. THE END

  27. Anatomy Word Graffiti • Choose ONE of the following terms to “graffiti” on the blank piece of paper: • Appendicular Skeleton • Joints • Pectoral Girdle • Pelvic Girdle • Carpal Bones • Tarsal Bones • Dislocation • On the back, explain what each letter is and how it relates to the term you chose. • Make your graffiti COLORFUL & CREATIVE!!!

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