The role of the school counselor in RTI and PBIS TI and PBIS

1. The role of the school counselor in RTI and PBISTI and PBIS Jennifer Betters-Bubon, PhD University of Wisconsin-Whitewater

2. Introductions and an online poll • Overview of PBIS and RTI • The role of the School Counselor within RTI and PBIS—bringing in the ASCA model • The specifics: • Universal • Secondary/Tertiary support • Lessons learned • Concerns? Questions? Presentation Outline

3. A scenario • Mr. Jones works as a school counselor at a middle school in a suburban school. Recently the leadership team implemented a ‘intervention block’. The idea behind this block is that there is a 20 minute time period each day whereby students can receive academic or behavioral interventions. The school counselor works with the 7th grade team during this block and each week month they meet to determine the needs of students during this block. The students who are not receiving interventions are to have advisory or enrichment. • Due to the pressure that the team feels regarding their lagging reading scores, they often struggle to find time to discuss the social/emotional needs of youth. In fact, for the past 2 months, the counselor has not been able to bring up behavioral data at all and has found himself assisting with reading/writing groups during the intervention block instead of working with students in other areas.

4. Designing Culturally Responsive Multi-tier Models for Student Success Academic Systems Behavioral Systems • Intensive, Individual Interventions • Individual Students • Assessment-based • High Intensity • Intensive, Individual Interventions • Individual Students • Assessment-based • Intense, durable procedures • Targeted Group Interventions • Some students (at-risk) • High efficiency • Rapid response • Targeted Group Interventions • Some students (at-risk) • High efficiency • Rapid response • Universal Interventions • All students • Preventive, proactive • Universal Interventions • All settings, all students • Preventive, proactive 1-5% 1-5% 5-10% 5-10% 80-90% 80-90%

5. Why focus on both academics and behavior? • Research supports a focus on BOTH sides of the triangle: • Elliot & DePerna (2000) found 5 predictor variables that impact overall academic learning and their influence on student success • Prior achievement • Interpersonal skills • Study skills • Motivation • Engagement • Additional research can be found: http://uwwschoolcounseling.wordpress.com/wsca-2014/resources-materials/

6. Behavioral outcomes are linked to academic outcomes Achievement Gap Discipline Gap

7. Racialization of discipline: Minority students are punished more severely for less serious more subjective reasons such as disrespect (Skiba et al., 2008) Punitive and exclusionary discipline: Exclusion, academic failure, high-school dropout, and involvement in the juvenile delinquency system (Leone et al., 2003) AA students:18 % of the student population - 46 %of those suspended and 39 % of all expulsions. AA students with disabilities: 21 % of the total numbers of students w/ disabilities - 44 % of those w/ disabilities subject to mechanical restraints, like being strapped down (Office of Civil Rights, 2012). Racialization of School Discipline

8. We must be self-aware—we must help others be self-aware Culture matters • Effective RTI/PBIS systems take culture into consideration • Interventions at all levels must be: • Culturally responsive • Collaborative • Incorporate cultural knowledge into decision and practices

9. Wisconsin's Vision for Response to Intervention Effective RtI system = high quality instruction, balanced assessment, and collaboration paired with Culturally responsive practices

11. RTI and PBIS Similarities Differences RTI is the umbrella term and includes a focus on academics and behavior PBIS focus is on social/emotional/behavioral skills • Multi-tier system of support • Team collaboration • Data driven • Evidenced based

12. Why RTI? • RTI is the “new” model for determining qualification for special education Early Intervention Disability Identification Universal Screening Success for ALL

13. Principles for the successful implementation of RtI: • RtI is for ALL children and ALL educators. • RtI must support and provide value to effective practices. • Success for RtI lies within the classroom through collaboration. • RtI applies to both academics and behavior. • RtI supports and provides value to the use of multiple assessments to inform instructional practices. • RtI is something you do and not necessarily something you buy. • RtI emerges from and supports research and evidence based practice. • Source: http://rti.dpi.wi.gov

14. Why SWPBIS? • The fundamental purpose of SWPBIS is to make schools more effective learning environments. Predictable Positive Consistent Safe

15. What is School-wide Positive Behavior Intervention and Support? • School-wide PBIS is: • A framework for establishing the social culture and behavioral supports needed for a school to achieve behavioral and academic outcomes for all students. • Evidence-based features of SWPBIS • Define and teach positive social expectations • Acknowledgement of positive behavior • Consistent consequences for problem behavior • Use of data for decision-making • Continuum of behavioral supports. • Implementation of the systems that support effective practices

16. What we know • Urban (Netzel & Eber, 2003; Warren et al., 2003) and rural Kartub et al., 2000) settings • Statewide initiatives (e.g., Michigan, Illinois, Maryland, Wisconsin) • For outcomes, such as: • Office discipline referrals (Bradshaw, Mitchell, & Leaf, 2010; Curtis, Horne, Robertson, & Karvonen, 2010) • Organizational health/School climate (Bradshaw et al., 2008; Bradshaw, Koth, Thornton, & Leaf, 2009) • Feelings of safety (Horner at al., 2009; Metzler et al., 2001) • Reading and math achievement (Horner et al., 2009; Lassen, Steele, & Sailor, 2006)

17. What we know • PBIS is one way to organize your resources to create systems to assist students with social, emotional and behavior needs WITHIN the RTI process.

18. Where is the overlap? Can they go together? Advantages or disadvantages of each? Multi-tier models of support versus ASCA?

19. The ASCA National Model for the 21st Century • The ultimate goal of the school counseling program is to support the school’s academic mission. • Ensuring academic achievement for every student includes counselor initiated activities designed to meet the needs of under-served, under-performing and under-represented populations.

20. Elements of a Comprehensive Program • Comprehensive in Scope • Preventive in Design • Developmental in Nature • Integral Part of the Total Educational System • A Designed Delivery System • Implemented by a Credentialed School Counselor • Conducted in Collaboration • Monitors Student Success • Driven by Data • Seeks Improvement • Shares Successes

21. Multi-tier models of support can support our work within the ASCA model and vice versa.

22. We are School Counselors… • And thus, are in a unique position to coordinate building wide efforts surrounding multi-tier systems of support… • Within the counseling models and our roles

23. A look at tiers of support

24. Tier 3 TRIANGLE ACTIVITY: Applying the Three-Tiered to Your School Counseling Program Tier 2 Tier 1

25. Examples of Tier 1/Universal ASCA & RTI approaches • School Counseling Program: • Classroom Lessons • New student activities • Individual Planning meetings/Conferencing • PBIS/RTI: • Cool Tools • Acknowledgements • School rules/expectations • Intervention blocks • Other/Both • Universal Screening

26. Universal screening • The RTI process ‘begins with high-quality instruction and universal screening of children in the general education classroom’ (www.rtinetwork.org) • Research supports the use of screening in the identification of students. Using ODRs alone is not enough to capture both internalizing and externalizing problems!

27. Choosing a universal screener • Choose a screener that is: • Developmentally and contextually appropriate • Easy to use (for you, students, teachers) • Easy to interpret • A few examples: • Screening Tools: http://uwwschoolcounseling.wordpress.com/wsca-2014/resources-materials/

28. Universal Screener: Example

29. PBIS team! Form a team to plan how behavior is taught, reinforced and monitored. Create 3-5 positively stated school expectations. Teaching of these expectations through planned lessons, called “Cool Tools” Create an acknowledgement system Examine data Help to identify students in need of tier 2 and tier 3 social, emotional, behavioral supports

30. Cool Tools: Social skills lessons developed by PBIS team; implemented by classroom teachers • Can be used to meet ASCA student competencies • Sample of lesson topic and benchmark standards: • Be Responsible for your learning: • A.4.1.4 Identify and model personal attitudes and behaviors that lead to successful learning • A.4.3.1 Demonstrate taking responsibility for actions in school • B.4.2.1 Demonstrate the ability to establish challenging academic goals in elementary school Cool Tools

31. Tier 2/Tier 3 Intervention Ideas • School Counseling Program: • Small group support (using data!) • Individual counseling • Consultation and observation • PBIS/RTI: • Check in/Check Out • Social and Academic Instructional groups • Both • Functional Behavior Assessments (FBAs) • Wraparound support • Coordination with outside agencies • Mentoring

32. Check In/Check Out (CICO) • Morning Check-in Routine • Coordinator or Buddy • Assess &Acknowledge • Set-up or Redirect • Teacher Check-in/Check-out Routine • Teaching staff/faculty • Acknowledge • Set-up for success, positive momentum • Evaluation • Afternoon Check-out Routine • CICO coordinator data collection acknowledge success, encourage improvement. • Family Review Routine • Teach family only to acknowledge success

33. Daily Progress Report

34. Second Step Group for students with aggressive behaviorPS:B1.4 develop effective coping skills for dealing with problems PS:A2.6 use effective communications skillsPS:B1.2 understand consequences of decisions and choices

35. KNOWLEDGE: What do students know? • T/F Anger is a feeling that affects everyone differently. SKILLS: What are students able to do? • Student purposefully bumps into you in the hallway. He then makes fun of you , which makes you quite angry. Which of the following could you do to resist violence? • Conflict management • Moving to a safe area • Both a and b • None of the above ATTITUDES: How do students feel about it? • I believe I can control my anger through taking deep breaths • Strongly agree • Agree • Disagree • Strongly disagree Measuring Small Group Success

36. Data that can be examined… Within multi-tier and the ASCA models, organizing data is essential. Schoolwide data: • ODRs • Detention • Academic information Individual/group data: • ODRs • Attendance/Tardies • Screening info • Academic

37. Data Data needs to guide decision making • Data needs to be shared with: • Other staff members • Families • School board It’s not enough to collect data.

38. Data example: ODR

39. Risk

40. Data example

41. Knowledge Data: What do you want students to know? • “92% of 5th grade students can identify how anger differs from other feelings” Attitudes Data: What do you want students to believe? • “75% of students believe they can control their anger by taking deep breaths.” Skills Data: What do you want students to be able to do? (Competency Achievement) • “88% of grade students who participated in a small group for anger management demonstrated conflict resolution skills in a role play learning activity and identified appropriate ways to avoid violence.” Data Example: Small Group Support

42. Tier 1: • Self Assessment Survey (SAS) • Team Implementation Checklist (TIC) • Benchmarks of Quality (BOQ) • Tier 2 and Tier 3: • Benchmarks of Advanced Tiers (BAT) • Monitoring Advanced Tiers Tool (MAT) Source: https://www.pbisapps.org/Applications/Pages/PBIS-Assessment.aspx PBIS specific data collection tools

43. Revisit your triangle • What you doing as a counselor that could be revised? • How can your role/duties be further organized within a multitier system (e.g., consider how you form small groups, etc.)?

44. Tier 3 Individual Interventions TRIANGLE ACTIVITY: Applying the Three-Tiered to Your School Counseling Program Wrap around services Tier 2 Small groups Social Skills interventions Check In/Check Out Tier 1 Classroom presentations Conferencing Screening School Climate Work Career/Vocational Development

45. Lessons Learned • Effective Leadership Matters • Start by establishing commitment • Lead don’t drive: Use team-based change process • School Counselors need to be clear on our role within RTI and PBIS • Invest in prevention first • Create a positive social culture • Avoid rewarding problem behavior • Team with other student services professionals • Implement Evidence-based Practices at all three Tiers • Universal (all students, all times, all locations) • Targeted (efficient interventions for at-risk students) • Intensive (individualized interventions for those students with the most intense problem behavior)

46. Questions? Contact: Jennifer Betters, UWW - Bettersj@uww.edu

47. Resources • http://www.nccrest.org/about.html • The Checklist for Culturally Responsive Practices in schools http://www.wisconsinpbisnetwork.org/assets/files/resources/1302874052_The%20Checklist%20for%20Culturally%20Responsive%20Practices%20in%20Schools-revised%202%20WI.pdf

48. Resources Documents: WI RtI: A Guiding Document: http://rti.dpi.wi.gov/files/rti/pdf/rti-guiding-doc.pdf Parent & Family Resource Library: http://www.wisconsinpbisnetwork.org/parents-and-family/resources.html Response to Intervention & PBIS: Brothers from Different Mothers or Sisters with different misters? • http://www.wisconsinpbisnetwork.org/assets/files/resources/1325530138_brothers%20sisters%20pbis%20rti%20article.pdf Websites: RtI Resource Center: www.wisconsinrticenter.org PBIS Network: www.wisconsinpbisnetwork.org School-Wide Information System: http://www.swis.org/ Wisconsin Safe & Healthy Schools: http://www.wishschools.org/ Department of Public Instruction: www.rti.dpi.wi.gov

49. References Algozzine, B., Wang, C., White, R., Cooke, N., Marr, M., Algozzine, K., & ... Duran, G. (2012). Effects of Multi-Tier Academic and Behavior Instruction on Difficult-to-Teach Students.Exceptional Children, 79(1), 45-64. Bradshaw, C.P., Koth, C.W., Bevans, K.B., Ialongo, N., & Leaf, P.J. (2008). The impact of school-wide behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) on the organizational health of elementary schools. School Psychology Quarterly, 23, 462-473. Bradshaw, C.P., Mitchell, M.M., & Leaf, P.J. (2010). Examining the effects of schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports on student outcomes. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 12, 133-148 Curtis, R., VanHorne, J.W., Robertson, P, & Karvonen, M. (2010). Outcomes of a School-wide Positive Behavioral Support Program. American School Counselor Association, 13, 159-164. Horner, R.H., Sugai, G., Smolkowski, K., Eber, L., Nakasato, J., Todd, A.W., Esperanza, J. (2009). A randomized, wait-list controlled effectiveness trial assessing school-wide positive behavior support in elementary schools. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 11, 133-144. Lane, K. (2007). Identifying and Supporting Students At Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders within Multi-Level Models: Data Driven Approaches to Conducting Secondary Interventions with an Academic Emphasis. Education And Treatment Of Children, 30(4), 135-164. Lassen, S.R., Steele, M.M., & Sailor, W. (2006). The relationship of school-wide positive behavior support to academic achievement in an urban middle school. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 701-712 Metzler, C.W., Biglan, A., Rusby, J.C., & Sprague, J.R. (2001). Evaluation of a comprehensive behavior management program to improve School-wide Positive Behavior Support. Education and Treatment of Children, 24, 448-479. Netzel, D., & Eber, L. (2003). Shifting from reactive and proactive discipline in an urban school district: A change in focus through PBIS. Journal of Positive Behavior Intervention, 5(2), 71-79. Kartub, D.T., Taylor-Greene, S., March, R.E., Horner, R.H. (2000). Reducing hallway noise: A systems approach. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 2, 179-182. Walker, B., Cheney, D., Stage, S., Blum, C., & Horner, R. H. (2005). Schoolwide Screening and Positive Behavior Supports: Identifying and Supporting Students at Risk for School Failure. Journal Of Positive Behavior Interventions, 7(4), 194-204.   (see attached) • .