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Plant Science Lecture 2

Plant Science Lecture 2. Plant Cell Anatomy. Amyloplast. An organelle in some plant cells that store starch Found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits. ATP . Adenosine triphoshate High energy molecule use for energy storage by organisms

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Plant Science Lecture 2

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  1. Plant ScienceLecture 2 Plant Cell Anatomy

  2. Amyloplast • An organelle in some plant cells that store starch • Found in starchy plants like tubers and fruits

  3. ATP • Adenosine triphoshate • High energy molecule use for energy storage by organisms • Produced in the cristae of mitochondria and chloroplasts

  4. Cell Membrane • Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell • Inside cell wall • semi-permeable: allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others

  5. Cell Wall • Thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell • Cellulose fiber • Gives cell most of its support and structure • Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant

  6. Centrosome • Small body located near the nucleus • Dense center and radiating tubules • Where microtubules are made • During cell division (mitosis), divides and the 2 parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell

  7. Chlorophyll • Use light energy from sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide gas into sugar and oxygen (photosynthesis) • Usually green

  8. Chloroplast • An elongated organelle containing chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place

  9. Christae • Multiply-folder inner membrane of a cell’s mitochondrion that are finger like projections • Walls of cristae are where the cell’s energy is produced (where ATP is generated)

  10. Cytoplasm • Jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located

  11. Golgi Body • Flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes • Located near the nucleus • Packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for “export” from the cell

  12. Granum • Stack of thylakoid disks within the chloroplast

  13. Mitochondrion • Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane • Inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (cristae) • Converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP

  14. Nuclear Membrane • Membrane that surrounds the nucleus

  15. Nucleolus • Organelle within the nucleus • Where RNA is produced

  16. Nucleus • Spherical body containing many organelles • Controls many functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis • Contains DNA • Surrounded by the nuclear membrane

  17. Photosynthesis • Process in which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food energy (sugar and starches), oxygen, and water

  18. Ribosome • Organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis

  19. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell’s cytoplasm • The ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane • Covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance • Transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks

  20. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell’s cytoplasm • The space within the ER is called the ER lumen • Transport materials through the cell • Contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins • Smooth ER buds off from rough ER • Move newly made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body and membranes

  21. Stoma • Part of the chloroplasts in the plant cells • Located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts • Between the grana

  22. Thylakoid Disk • Disc shaped membrane structures • In chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll • Chloroplasts are made up of stacks of thylakoid disks • Stack of TD is called a granum • Photosynthesis takes place on TD

  23. Vacuole • Large, membrane bound space • Filled with fluid • Most plant cells have a single vacuole that takes up much of the cell • Helps maintain shape of cell

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