New Perspectives on Andragogy

1. New Perspectives on Andragogy Chapter 9 In The Adult Learner CAE 213 Intro to Adult Education Professor Jonathan S Penland, PhD CAE 213

2. Introduction • Research in a variety of disciplines has produced new perspectives on andragogy. • We will review each of the six core principles updating our understanding based on new research. CAE 213

3. 1. The Learner’s Need to Know • Learners need to know “why” before they engage in learning • Research has confirmed that collaborative planning is useful. It allows learners to assess their needs, suggest pragmatic learning objectives, and choose whether or not to participate is aspects of training. CAE 213

4. 2. Self-Directed Learning • Is self-directed learning a characteristic, a goal of adult learning, or both? • A person can be high in one and low in the other. • The teacher’s job is to match style with student Goal Goal Trait Goal Trait Trait Goal Goal Trait CAE 213

5. Learner --------------------- Style • Dependent Coaching • Interested Inspiration Speaker • Involved Facilitated discussion • Self-directed Individual or study group CAE 213

6. 3. Prior Experiences of the Learner • Schema are cognitive data structures that build via learning and experience. • Accretion – adding facts to schema • Tuning – incremental change to schema • Restructuring – creation of new schema • Mental models – internal images (background) of how the world works CAE 213

7. Schema Theory Are we restructuring the mental map, schema, or prototype? Mental Map Schema Constructivism Pages 192-193 CAE 213

8. Do home stays in eco-tourism restructure the way eco-tourists view the world? Schema Theory Changing the Mental Map A tourist is more open to seeing nature in a new way. A tourist’s view of people is challenged by a home stay. CAE 213

9. 4. Readiness to Learn Pratt’s Untested Model support Identify where learners are at when they begin and adjust to changes in their readiness to learn dependency CAE 213

10. 5. Orientation to Learning Steps in the Experiential Learning Cycle CAE 213

11. 6. Motivation Characteristics of Trainers that motivate: • Expertise – knows content well & communicates well • Empathy – realistic understanding of learner needs, adapts material to learner, continuously considers learners • Enthusiasm – values content, expresses appropriate levels of emotion/energy • Clarity – Can be understood and followed by most learners CAE 213

12. Summary • There is evidence for maintaining each of the core principles…which are: • Learner’s… • Self- • Prior- • Readiness • Orientation • Motivation CAE 213