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Entropy changes in irreversible Processes

Explore entropy changes in irreversible processes, such as freezing of water and third law of thermodynamics. Learn about Gibbs free energy, equilibrium conditions, and phase changes.

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Entropy changes in irreversible Processes

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  1. Entropy changes in irreversible Processes To obtain the change in entropy in an irreversible process we have to calculate DS along a reversible path between the initial state and the final state. Freezing of water below its freezing point Irrev H2O( l , -10 °C) H2O( s , -10 °C) H2O( s , 0 °C) H2O( l , 0°C)

  2. Absolute entropy of a substance Third law of thermodynamics: The entropy of each pure element or substance in a perfectly crystalline form is zero at absolute zero.

  3. Spontaneous process

  4. Helmholtz free energy

  5. Gibb’s Free Energy

  6. Combining the First and Second law

  7. The Thermodynamic Square H S P U G T V A

  8. H S P U G T V A

  9. The variation of Gibb’s energy with temperature.

  10. Variation of the Gibb’s energy with pressure

  11. Conditions for equilibrium between Phases  

  12. Various Equilibrium conditions

  14. Phase changes of pure component

  15. Temperature dependence of phase stability

  16. Response of melting temperature to the applied pressure

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