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Structure

Structure. Requirement Relevant IT Research Synthesis. The Requirement. Information Accurate, homogeneous, relevant, complete Availability Anyhow, anyplace, anytime (Pervasive, ambient) Integral retrieval, processing, presentation Ease of use Intuitive Flexible, dynamic

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Structure

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  1. Structure • Requirement • Relevant IT Research • Synthesis

  2. The Requirement • Information • Accurate, homogeneous, relevant, complete • Availability • Anyhow, anyplace, anytime (Pervasive, ambient) • Integral retrieval, processing, presentation • Ease of use • Intuitive • Flexible, dynamic • Variously-abled

  3. The Requirement Motherhood and Apple pie everyone can agree these desirable requirements…. BUT NO EXISTING SYSTEMS MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS

  4. Requirement: Information: Accurate Initial data • Requires input validation • Implies structured data and constraint (logic) processing • Requires context – relationship to other information • Requires provenance; from whence obtained • Requires temporal labelling (data values or relationships valid today may not be tomorrow) constraint provenance relationships Stored data item Temporal relevance

  5. Requirement: Information: Homogeneous • End user wishes to have information consistent in format & quality to allow processing (e.g. statistics) • Requires reconciliation of heterogeneous sources to homogeneous form • Schema matching (syntax, semantics) • Conversion of the data • Clearly easier to convert all sources to one canonical form (n not n*m) • euroCRIS provides CERIF as that canonical form user User CERIF-CRIS environment query CERIF Query convertor /dispatcher Answer collector /convertor CRIS 1 CRIS 2 CRIS 3 CRIS 4

  6. Requirement: Information: Relevant • Two components • Query expressing accurately the user requirement • Measure retrieved set against universe of interest • Need • Advanced knowledge-based assistance to query formulation and optimisation • Advanced statistical / logical techniques to assess relevance of retrieved set compared with all information Intelligent interaction query Retrieved subset Relevant information Universe of information

  7. Requirement: Information: Complete • End-user wants ALL (available) information relevant to the query (recall) • Missing some information can distort results badly • Especially if statistical processing of modelling / simulation The vital information may be in the ‘missing slice’

  8. Requirement: Availability: Any* • Anyhow, anyplace, anytime (pervasive, ambient) • Continuous network availability • Effective, efficient (fast and cost-effective) • Appropriate security • Actual carrier technology hidden (GSM, GPRS, Wi-Max, LAN…) • Appropriate services (registration, preferences, synchronisation…

  9. Requirement: Availability: Integral • Integral retrieval, processing, presentation • Various user interfaces (multimedia, multimodal) expressed via: • Commands • Menus • Icons • consistently • ‘chain of processing’ with options and dynamic reconfiguration commands menus icons Consistent commands Chain of processing Some parallel

  10. Requirement: Ease of Use: Intuitive • User interface is as the user expects • Consistent syntax and semantics • Whether textual, graphical, audio or haptic • Feedback to assist / guide user • Warnings • Suggestions • But configurable by user (from much to no feedback)

  11. Requirement: Ease of Use: Flexible and Dynamic • With user requirement changes • Change of query • Additional sub-query • Different processing • With quality of information • Supply metadata and warnings / advice • Adjust processing • With availability of information (alerts) • Offer of additional or changed information query

  12. Requirement: Ease of Use: Variously-Abled • Inclusive: any user • With individual abilities • Disabled • Temporarily disabled e.g. driving car • Or preferences in how to interact with the system • W3C WAIS standard

  13. Requirements: Synthesis From user frustration To easy utilisation of systems assisted by intelligence

  14. Structure • Requirement • Relevant IT Research • Synthesis

  15. Relevant IT Research • Data, information and knowledge • Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory • Query • Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory, domain ontologies • User interface • Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory, domain ontologies, cognitive psychology • Overall • GRIDs and ambient ICT • Implying invisible, usable, self* resources

  16. Relevant IT Research All within a context of seamless integration of process and information • Data, information and knowledge • Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory • Query • Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory, domain ontologies • User interface • Syntax, semantics, logic, graph theory, domain ontologies, cognitive psychology • Overall • GRIDs and ambient ICT • Implying invisible, usable, self* resources

  17. Relevant IT Research: Accuracy: Validation • Objective: to have the data as accurate as possible • Any new piece of data • Is it in correct form and type (schema) • Is its value ‘reasonable’ • Within range • Exists in a controlled list • Is its value ‘reasonable’ compared with values of other data elements • If gender = M, retirement age >=65 • ~ 23 different kinds of constraints to be applied

  18. Relevant IT Research: Accuracy: Validation • Use of logic processing (constraints) • demands structured information • Use of temporal logic (for temporal relevance) • demands structured information • Use of semantic relations (temporal, role) for provenance • demands structured information

  19. Relevant IT Research: Accuracy: Query • Objective: the query reflects exactly the user intent ‘what I mean not what I say’ • Any query • Uses correct entity / attribute names (schema) • Uses ‘reasonable’ values • Requires knowledge-based assist • Domain ontology / ontologies • Inference engine Note All this requires accurate structured data

  20. Relevant IT Research: Availability: Networking • Continuously improving availability of wireless networking • Seamless within one carrier technology • Seamless across carrier technologies • Security • Identification / authentication of user • Single sign on, biometrics • Authorisation of user • trust • Encryption of message

  21. Relevant IT Research: Availability: Devices • Handheld PC now becoming common • Cheaper, faster processor, larger storage, lighter, more capability • PC, phone, entertainment (audio, video) • Move to nanotechnologies, bio-inspired computing, cognitive technologies etc • Leads to new modes of working (link to next section)

  22. Relevant IT Research: Ease of Use: Human Factors / Interaction • Use power of device and intelligence of system to interact more meaningfully with user (and between users) • Cognitive psychology • Dialogue structure (whether textual, graphical etc) • Gesture / haptic

  23. And we should intercept the future • Beyond the Horizon • See brochure (!) • “Foreseeing beyond the horizon — for technology and business opportunities — is any Director's strategic responsibility. Engaging in future emerging technology research will create services supported by skilled staff for deployment within (1) my own organisation performing leading edge R&D and (2) commercially in industry.” • Keith G. Jeffery, Director IT, CCLRC, UK

  24. Structure • Requirement • Relevant IT Research • Synthesis

  25. Synthesis • The end-user requirement can only be satisfied by a well-designed architecture • The assumed substructure is a quality network environment • The basis is quality structured information • Above is knowledge-assisted query processing to assist the end-user • Including push technology • At the top is a flexible, dynamic user interface

  26. Knowledge Layer Information Layer Data toKnowledge Control Computation / Data Layer The GRIDs Architecture

  27. Synthesis • The GRIDs environment supplies the architecture • Invisible infrastructure (network, processors, storage) • Knowledge-based technology as services • SOKU: service-oriented knowledge utility • Open and flexible to new devices, services, resources

  28. U:USER R:RESOURCE S:SOURCE A POSSIBLE ARCHITECTURE The GRIDs Environment Um:User Metadata Ua:User Agent Sm:Source Metadata Sa:Source Agent Ra:Resource Agent Rm:Resource Metadata brokers

  29. Overall : The Way Forward SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge CRIS Management of Research PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge

  30. Overall : The Way Forward Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge CRIS Management of Research (CERIF) PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge Digital Curation Facility

  31. Overall : The Way Forward Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge metadata PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge Digital Curation Facility

  32. Overall : The Way Forward Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge metadata PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge publish validate Digital Curation Facility

  33. Overall : The Way Forward Ambient, Pervasive Access Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge metadata PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge publish validate Digital Curation Facility GRIDs

  34. Overall : The Way Forward Ambient, Pervasive Access Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge metadata PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge With Workflow Support publish validate Digital Curation Facility GRIDs

  35. Overall : The Way Forward Ambient, Pervasive Access Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge metadata PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge With Workflow Support With Interoperation publish validate Digital Curation Facility GRIDs

  36. Overall : The Way Forward Ambient, Pervasive Access Portal with knowledge-assisted user interface SCIENTIFIC DATASETS Data Information Knowledge metadata PUBLICATIONS Data Information Knowledge With Workflow Support R&D to Wealth Creation With Interoperation publish validate Digital Curation Facility GRIDs

  37. Three Steps to Nirvana The Perfect CRIS Workflow on the GRIDs Surface Metadata and Data Exchange Standards Complete Process ICT Support

  38. Contact Prof Keith G Jeffery Director IT and International Strategy CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory keith.g.jeffery@rl.ac.uk President euroCRIS www.eurocris.org President ERCIM www.ercim.org

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