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1. Absolutism
2. Absolutism Absolutism The monarch (king) was absolute, all power emanated from his unlimited authority. Divine Right Theory of Kings—The monarch was God’s representative on earth, kings were anointed with holy water at their coronations. Where have we heard of this concept before?
3. Absolutism Bourbons of France How do they come to power? French Civil war Huguenots VS. Catholics (Calvinists)
4. Absolutism History.wisc.edu
5. Absolutism Marlowe-society.org Henry of Navarre = Henry IV of France First Bourbon king Instituted the Edict of Nantes in 1598 Religious toleration of the Huguenots
6. Absolutism Louis XIII --Henry IV’s son --ruled from 1610-1643 --Maria de Medici his mother (Catholic) serves as his regent --He is only 9 years-old when he becomes king
7. Absolutism Galleryhistoricalfigures.com Cardinal Richelieu Chief Minister for Louis XIII in 1624. He is influential during this time because he controls the bureaucrats.
8. Absolutism Policies of Louis XIII (Cardinal Richelieu) Sale of Office Anyone who worked for the king the position or office had to be purchased. Paulette—a fee paid to keep the office holder’s position. It would remain in his family when he died. Nobles Reduced their influence, gave them positions as diplomats, soldiers and officials Huguenots Ended their political independence and advances
9. Absolutism Policies of Louis XIII (Cardinal Richelieu) Intendants Government agents in localities Purpose Recruited people for the army Supervised the raising of taxes Enforced the kings decrees Disliked by peasants and threatened the power of the nobles
10. Absolutism Who is in this painting? What do you think is going on in this painting? What is the message of this painting? Why did the author paint it? Architecturalwatercolors.blogspot.com
11. Absolutism Louis XIV (1643-1715) He was known as the Sun King. He represented this by having coins show the rays of sun falling onto Louis and then to his subjects. This symbolized warmth and life given by the monarch. Versailles Palace—Louis XIV’s court by 1680s. He split the court and the palace. Versailles Palace was home Paris was the government. It was the largest building of its day. Architecturalwatercolors.blogspot.com
12. Absolutism Versailles Palace A-gc.com
13. Absolutism Versailles Palace http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxIzMr2Ekpo A-gc.com
14. Absolutism Louis XIV’s Absolutist Government --The use of armed force --Formulation and execution of laws --Collection and expenditure of revenue, taxation Financial Advisor—Jean Baptist Colbert,utilized the policy of mercantilism, colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country. A nation’s wealth was measured in its gold and silver, more exports than imports.
15. Absolutism Domestic Policy— Edict of Nantes from 1685 revoked, why? To promote unity however, it had economic consequences. 1 million Huguenots either leave the country or convert to Catholicism.
16. Absolutism Hapsburgs of Germany and Spain Charles V Ferdinand-Isabella Holy Roman Joanna Emperor 1519 -Archduke Philip of Austria King of Spain (1516-1556) grandparents daughter son
17. Absolutism Hapsburgs of Germany and Spain
18. Absolutism Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Artrenewal.org
19. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) Charles V’s son --Married to Queen Mary I Henry VIII’s daughter --Supports Catholics in France against Henry IV --Defeated by the English in 1588 --Defeats Muslims at Lepanto in 1571 Historicalportraits.com
20. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain And the Spanish Invincible Armada, La Armada Grande --Was originally friends with Elizabeth I --He facilitated her accession and supported her against the claims of Mary Stuart --He intervened powerfully in her favor to prevent French aid from being sent to Scotland. --With the upswing of Protestantism relations between England and Spain begin to turn Historicalportraits.com
21. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain And the Spanish Invincible Armada, La Armada Grande So, What Went Wrong? —Spanish ships were robbed with impunity in the English channel —The Protestant groups in the Netherlands started to rebel in 1566 which were supported by England. Spain supported Catholics in Netherlands. —In 1568, a Spanish ship docked in Plymouth and filled with pay for the Spanish army in Flanders was seized by the English.
22. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain VS. Queen Elizabeth I – In the Spring of 1587, Francis Drake cruised off the coast of Spain and contrary to Elizabeth’s wishes attacked Spanish shipping, burnt the half-finished and unmanned ships at Cadiz and did enormous damage to the Spanish navy. —The Armada left Lisbon on May 20, 1588. It consisted of 130 ships and 30, 493 men but half of the ships were transports and two-thirds of the men were soldiers. It went to the harbor of Carunna for retrofitting. —The Armada sailed out for Flanders on July 12. —One ship was reported captured three sank and four or five ran ashore
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24. Absolutism Peter Alexowitz (the Great)
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26. Absolutism Peter the Great National Maritime Museum http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/sea-and-ships/facts/explorers-and-leaders/peter-the-great
27. Absolutism Peter the Great http://www.neva.ru/EXPO96/book/chap2-1.html Saint-Petersburg.com http://www.saint-petersburg.com/history/pre-history.asp
28. Absolutism Tudorhistory.org English Civil War Previous Conditions Edward VI—Henry’s 10 year old son inherited the throne. Advisors were Protestants. Thomas Cranmer was using the Book of Common Prayer. Protestant service while keeping Catholic Doctrine. http://tudorhistory.org/edward/
29. Absolutism English Civil War Previous Conditions Mary Tudor wants to return England to Catholic faith. She is the younger sister of Henry VIII http://tudorhistory.org/mary/
30. Absolutism English Civil War Previous Conditions Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) (r. 1558-1603) She was the last of the Tudors. She wasn’t married. Her Minister Robert Cecil enabled the King of Scotland, James Stuart to succeed her. http://tudorhistory.org/elizabeth/ Englishhistory.net
31. Absolutism English Civil War Previous Conditions Mary Queen of Scots A Catholic, hoped she would inherit the throne. Elizabeth had Mary executed in 1587. She was the great grand niece of Henry VIII. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/maryqosbiography.html Englishhistory.net
32. Absolutism English Civil War Causes The Gentry --Newest group in society looking for respectability. --Maintained agricultural holdings and crown offices. --Three-quarters of the House of Commons were gentry, well educated and could approve all taxation.
33. Absolutism English Civil War Causes The Debt The war with Spain in 1588, created an economic depression John Stuart, King of Scotland and England was left with a 400,000 debt.
34. Absolutism English Civil War Causes The Puritans Puritans were English Calvinists. They believed the Protestant Anglican church was too close to Roman Catholicism. By 1639, the Calvinist Scots took up arms rather than accept the Anglican prayer book.
35. Absolutism English Civil War Causes The King James I (r. 1603—1625) He was not well liked by the people of England. He was a foreigner, Scottish and an absolutist. He was known as James VI, King of Scotland.
36. Absolutism History.wisc.edu The Parliament showed their dislike of James I in a number of ways: 1. Forced his ministers to resign 2. blocked the union of England and Scotland 3. Only Anglicans allowed to hold public office
37. Absolutism Charles I (r. 1625-1649) James I son takes over in 1625. During the Parliament of 1628-1629, He agrees to the Petition of Right which grants more rights to the people such as: End to imprisonment w/o cause Taxation w/o consent of Parliament End to martial law in peacetime End to billeting of troops among civilians http://www.hrp.org.uk/HamptonCourtPalace/escape Sites.psu.edu
38. Absolutism English Civil War Causes of the English Civil War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3h_RyFEV0M
39. Absolutism Charles I agrees to the Petition of Right but breaks his word on all the issues. He orders Parliament dissolved until 1640. By 1639, the Calvinist Scots took up arms rather than accept the Anglican prayer book. By 1640, the Scots occupy most of northern England. Charles I then approaches Parliament to raise money to fight the Scots. Charles I starts the Long Parliament which lasts for 13 years.
40. Absolutism Religious Reform English Civil War starts in 1642 Royalist VS. Anti-Royalists --Anglican --Puritan (Roundheads) --North and west of England --Controlled House of Commons --South and east of England Oliver Cromwell and his new Model Army defeat the Royalist in 1646.
41. Absolutism What happens to Charles I? He was executed because he was plotting to return http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig8lwsb_Gyw
42. Absolutism Nationalgalleries.org Oliver Cromwell --Ruled England from 1649 to 1660 (Interregnum) --England is a republic at this time (Commonwealth) --Dissolved Parliament twice due to lack of reforms. --Ends the Long Parliament in 1653 --Parliament offers him the crown in 1656 but refused --His son alienated both the army and Parliament in effort succeed his father http://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/W/10248/artist_name/Robert%20Walker/record_id/23774
43. Absolutism Restoration Charles II (r. 1660-1685) Charles I son He forms a limited monarchy, meaning the king and Parliament share power. After his death, James II (1633-1701), Charles I son takes power and rules from 1685-1688. He is Catholic and his second wife has a son who is also Catholic.
44. Absolutism Restoration Why is this an issue and how is it resolved? Glorious Revolution 1688 No Fighting or Bloodshed William and Mary William of Orange from the Netherlands and Mary, James’s Protestant daughter rule England.