1 / 12

Knee & Thigh Chapter 7

Knee & Thigh Chapter 7. Objectives: UNDERSTAND: Anatomy of the knee & thigh Principles of rehabilitation to the knee & knee Preventive/supportive techniques and devices IDENTIFY: Assessment tests for injuries to the knee and thigh RECOGNIZE: Steps in the evaluation format

bianca
Download Presentation

Knee & Thigh Chapter 7

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Knee & ThighChapter 7 Objectives: UNDERSTAND: Anatomy of the knee & thigh Principles of rehabilitation to the knee & knee Preventive/supportive techniques and devices IDENTIFY: Assessment tests for injuries to the knee and thigh RECOGNIZE: Steps in the evaluation format Common injuries to the knee and thigh

  2. Anatomy • The Knee • Largest joint in the body, but structurally very weak. • Unstable bony structure: the femur (longest & strongest bone in the body) sits on top of the smaller tibia (main weight bearing bone of lower leg).

  3. Anatomy • Femur-longest and strongest • Tibia-main weight bearing bone of lower leg • Fibula-non-weight bearing bone of lower leg • Patella-(knee cap) encased in powerful patellar tendon

  4. Ligaments • Medial Collateral (MCL) -secure femur to tibia - connects to the medial meniscus -Reduce Valgus & varus movement (abduction & adduction of tibia and femur) • Lateral Collateral (LCL)-(not as strong) -does not attach to the lateral meniscus -Reduce Valgus & varus movement (abduction & adduction of tibia and femur) • Anterior Cruciate (ACL)-form “X” control anterior & posterior movement of femur on the tibia. • Posterior Cruciate (PCL)

  5. Other structures • Cartilage: (rest on top of tibia, form a cushion for the femur to rest on, and shock-absorption, joint stability, smooth gliding & rotating of the femur and tibia) • Medial Meniscus (cartilage) • Lateral Meniscus (cartilage) • Bursa-closed, fluid-filled sacs, cushion against friction over bone, or where tendon moves over a bone. • Synovial membrane -largesac that lines the inside of the knee joint, helps: tendons, ligaments, and bones. • Fat pads -soft tissue: weight bearing and absorbing impact

  6. Muscles • Quadriceps: Anterior, extend (straighten) lower leg, form patellar tendon (attaches on front of tibia) 1. Rectus femoris 2. vastusmedialis-patellar tracking 3. vastuslateralis 4. vastusmedialis

  7. Muscles • Hamstrings: posterior, flexes the knee, controls the rotary movements of the tibia. 1. Semitendinosus 2. semimembranosus 3. biceps femoris

  8. Muscles & Tendons • VastusMedialis: extension of knee • VastusLateralis: extension of knee • VastusIntermedius: extension of knee • Rectus Femoris: extension of knee, flexion of hip • Gracilis: adduction of hip and flexion of knee • Sartorius: flexion & rotation of hip & knee • Semitendinosus: knee flexion & medial rotation • Semimebranosus: Knee flexion & medial rotation

  9. Muscles & Tendons • Popliteus: flexion of knee & medial rotation • BicepsFemoris: flexion of knee & lateral rotation • Gastrocnemius: knee flexion • Plantaris: knee flexion

  10. Assessment Tests • Test for knee ligament stability: - abduction or valgus stress: medial joint stability -adduction or varus stress: lateral joint stability -anterior drawer: acl -posterior drawer: pcl -Lachman’s: acl

  11. Common Injuries • Ligament sprains: 1st, 2nd, 3rd degrees. -Contusion: direct blow to knee joint -Torsion: feet are fixed and body/injured joint is twisted (most often menisci) -Shearing: force delivered to opposite side of joint • Patellar Tendinitis: Inflammation above/below patella. (pain after exercise, swelling) Ice & rest

  12. Common Injuries • Chondromalacis Patellae: irritation and softening of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing unusual tracking of the patella as it moves. (causes: muscle weakness, imbalance, females: wider pelvic) • Osgood-Schlatter: Adolescents due to rapid growth during growth spurts, swelling below one/both knees. (causes: inflammation of the tibial tubercle, where the patellar tendon attaches) Rest & maybe cast • Muscularstrains: PRICES

More Related