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Waves and Sound

Waves and Sound. Intro. A. Pick up your notes and worksheet packets B. Write the following questions on a blank piece of paper (don’t answer yet) 1. What is the difference between a mechanical and electromagnetic wave?

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Waves and Sound

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  1. Waves and Sound

  2. Intro A. Pick up your notes and worksheet packets B. Write the following questions on a blank piece of paper (don’t answer yet) 1. What is the difference between a mechanical and electromagnetic wave? 2. What is the difference between a transverse and longitudinal wave? 3. What do all waves transfer? 4. What don’t waves transfer?

  3. Section 1: Intro to Waves

  4. Waves • Are disturbances that move through an empty space or through medium (material) • Waves transfer energywithout transferring matter. • Particles of medium move in simple harmonic motion Mechanical: Through a medium Electromagnetic: Through empty space

  5. Mechanical wave: • Caused by a disturbed medium and move by action reaction of particles • ex: water wave, sound • A medium is matter particles like gas (ex. air), liquid (ex. Water), and solid (ex. earth) Two types of mechanical waves that require a medium Transverse Wave Longitudinal Wave

  6. Electromagnetic wave: • Move through empty space (no medium) • Created by moving electrons • Ex. radio waves, microwaves, light • SOL= 3.0 x 10 8 m/s Types Electromagnetic Waves Through empty space

  7. In order to start and transmit a wave, a source of disturbance (vibration) and a disturbed medium are required. • Mechanical caused by vibrating particles • Like seen here • Electromagnetic by vibrating electrons

  8. Damping: • A decrease in the amplitude of a wave • Caused by energy loss or the spreading out of the wave over a larger area.

  9. Wave pulse is a single wave disturbance • Wave train (continuous wave) - is a series of pulses at intervals

  10. Transverse Longitudinal Section 2: Types of Mechanical Waves

  11. Transverse Wave: • Wave particles move perpendicular to the direction the wave travels • Ex. vibrating string of a musical instrument Perpendicular to the direction of travel Direction of travel

  12. Parts of a transverse wave Crest Wavelength (ג) amplitude Equilibrium Position Wavelength (ג) amplitude Wavelength (ג) Trough

  13. Crest- highest point on a transverse wave • Trough- lowest point on a transverse wave • Equilibrium position- center around which simple harmonic motion occurs • Amplitude- from the equilibrium position to the crest or trough

  14. Longitudinal Wave: • Particles vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels • ex. sound wave Direction of travel Particles vibrate parallel to the direction of travel

  15. Parts of a Longitudinal Wave: • Compression- point where the particles are closest together • Rarefaction- point where the particles are furthest apart Rarefaction Compression

  16. Intro Questions • What do all waves transfer? • What don’t waves transfer? • What starts a wave? Pick between the following choices and answer this correctly: 4. Sound is a (mechanical or electromagnetic) (transverse or longitudinal) wave.

  17. Section 3: Relationship between Wavelength, Frequency and Wave Speed

  18. velocity ( v ): speed of the wave. • unit: m/s (meter/second) • frequency ( f ): vibrations per second of the wave • unit: Hz (hertz) • wavelength ( ג ): length of one wave pulse • unit: m (meter)

  19. d t V= ___ Lets revisit our old equation What is the velocity of an object that moves 25 meters in 3 seconds?

  20. d t V= ___ Lets revisit our old equation What is the velocity of an object that moves 25 meters in 3 seconds?

  21. d t V= ___ Now lets look at the new equation you can use as well. new old Example what is the velocity of a wave that has a frequency of 3Hz and a wavelength of 5m?

  22. d t V= ___ Now lets look at the new equation you can use as well new old

  23. d t V= ___ Now lets look at the new equation you can use as well new old

  24. d t V= ___ Now lets look at the new equation you can use as well new old

  25. d t V= ___ Now lets look at the new equation you can use as well new old

  26. Relationship between frequency and wavelength. • Wavelength and frequency are inversely related • As frequency goes up the wavelength gets shorter (assuming no change in velocity) Click for animation

  27. Period (T) vs. Frequency (f) • Period (T) – seconds for one cycle • (unit s) • Frequency (f) – cycles for one second • (unit Hz) • If you know one you can solve for the other

  28. Example 1Wave Math The frequency of a wave is 560 Hz. What is its period?

  29. The frequency of a wave is 560 Hz. What is its period?

  30. Example 2Wave Math A girl floats in the ocean and watches 12 wave crests pass her in 46 s. Calculate the wave: a) frequency b) period

  31. A girl floats in the ocean and watches 12 wave crests pass her in 46 s. Calculate the wave: a) frequency b) period

  32. Example 3Wave Math The period of a wave is 0.044s. How many cycles will the energy source make in 22s? cycles second

  33. The period of a wave is 0.044s. How many cycles will the energy source make in 22s?

  34. Example 4Wave Math A distance of 0.33 m separates a wave crest from the adjacent trough, and the vertical distance from the top of a crest to the bottom of a trough is 0.24m. A. What is the wavelength? B. What is the amplitude? 0.33m 0.24m

  35. Example 4Wave Math A distance of 0.33 m separates a wave crest from the adjacent trough, and the vertical distance from the top of a crest to the bottom of a trough is 0.24m. A. What is the wavelength? B. What is the amplitude? 0.33m 0.66m

  36. Example 4Wave Math A distance of 0.33 m separates a wave crest from the adjacent trough, and the vertical distance from the top of a crest to the bottom of a trough is 0.24m. A. What is the wavelength? B. What is the amplitude? 0.12m 0.24m

  37. Example 5Wave Math What is the speed of a 256 Hz sound with a wavelength of 1.35 m?

  38. Example 5Wave Math What is the speed of a 256 Hz sound with a wavelength of 1.35 m?

  39. Example 6Wave Math You dip your finger into a pan of water 14 times in 11s, producing wave crests separated by 0.16 m. A. What is the frequency? B. What is the period? C. What is the velocity?

  40. Example 6Wave Math You dip your finger into a pan of water 14 times in 11s, producing wave crests separated by 0.16 m. A. what is the frequency B. What is the period C. Velocity

  41. Assignment to work on: CP • Worksheet Packet Section 3 Honors • Worksheet Packet Section 3 • Book Problems 4,5,6 pg 486-487

  42. Pendulum Lab day: Your into is to read over your lab; I will ask you if there are any questions soon Length (L) Amplitude (A) Equilibrium Position

  43. Pendulum Lab day One complete cycle

  44. Intro after pendulum labAll labs are due today: Turn them in on my desk • Your pendulum makes 5 complete cycles in 10 seconds. • What is the pendulums frequency? • What is the pendulums period? • What is the definition of frequency (can be in equation form) • When you increase the length of the pendulum string, what happens to frequency?

  45. Section 4: The Pendulum

  46. Pendulum- a weight on a string that moves in simple harmonic motion (swings back and forth). • Movement from a to c and back to a is one complete cycle or vibration This is the equilibrium position. decelerating accelerating

  47. Simple harmonic motion- vibration about an equilibrium position • Constant back and forth motion over the same path. • 15º is the maximum angle for a pendulum to have simple harmonic motion where our equations work

  48. Masses do not effect the period in simple harmonic motion. • What effects the period: • L – length of the string • g – acceleration due to gravity

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