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51 Things We Can Do to Slow Global Warming

51 Things We Can Do to Slow Global Warming. Time Magazine, April 9, 2007 p.32 - 67. 1. Turn food into fuel. biofuels: 例如來自植物的 ethanol; 大部分汽車都可以使用 E10 (10% ethanol, 90 % gasoline) 目前多靠政府補貼 , 運送及生產還是需要使用非再生能源

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51 Things We Can Do to Slow Global Warming

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  1. 51 Things We Can Do to Slow Global Warming Time Magazine, April 9, 2007 p.32 - 67

  2. 1. Turn food into fuel • biofuels: 例如來自植物的ethanol; 大部分汽車都可以使用 E10 (10% ethanol, 90 % gasoline) • 目前多靠政府補貼, 運送及生產還是需要使用非再生能源 • 如能使用 municipal waste, wood pulp, leftover grain and corn husk  cellulosic ethanol 仍然貴 繼續研發中

  3. 2. Get blueprints for a green house • 住家耗能約佔 (USA) greenhouse gas emission 16% • 一開始就設計進去 比未來改裝好很多, 很容易省到40% • 雙層窗戶減低陽光、降低縫隙洩漏熱、運用太陽能、風能等、使用許多再生材料等 • visit http://greenhomeguide.com for some ideas

  4. 3. Change your light bulbs • 住家中最省能源者: 電燈泡 • compact fluorescent lightbulb (CFL) 雖然比普通燈泡(incandescent bulb) 貴3-5倍, 用電量只有1/4; 7watt CFL 好比40 watt; 26 watt 好比100 watt 普通燈泡 (但每個燈泡內仍含有少量Hg – 注意回收)

  5. 4. Light up your city • 用LED for city illumination • 目前貴 2-3 倍, 但壽命應該可以長到5 years; 一般燈泡 18 months • 現在技術大致成熟

  6. 5. Pay the carbon tax • 大家都同意應該減少碳的排放, but less agreement on how to achieve a more carbon-free planet • Cap-and-trade Carbon emissions: 政府規範企業可以排放的上限, 如果該公司實際排放低於該限值, 差額就可以sell on a carbon market • Carbon tax – more straightforward (目前前者較佔上風, it is the backbone of current Kyoto protocol)

  7. 6. Ditch the McMansion • 不要住大房子 • Learn to live a life tiny and tidy

  8. 7. Hang up a clothesline • 研究顯示衣服的能源問題: 60% 用於洗衣及乾燥 • 節省的方法: 用溫水洗 (not hot water); 用曬衣服方式乾燥 (而非烘乾機)

  9. 8. Give new life to your old fleece • Collecting old clothing and make into new fabric and clothes • 估計顯示可以省76% energy, hence 71% greenhouse gases • Visit http:// patagonia.com/recycle

  10. 9. Build a skycraper • 蓋棟省能的摩天大樓, The Bank of America Tower (near Times Square in New York City) • 混凝土 使用slag (爐渣), 水回收再利用系統; …. • It will be the greenest building in New York

  11. 10. Turn up the geothermal heat • Manhattan 一新棟建築, 使用地下水 (T = 13 oC), 冬天用來加熱, 夏天用來冷卻 • Building roof covered with easy-to-maintain plants • Use heliostat mirrors, to track the sun and direct daylight into the building

  12. 11. Take another look at vintage clothes • 二手衣服, 朋友間互相交換 • 製作新衣服的耗能, 不可忽視

  13. 12. Capture the carbon • 可不可能將燃煤電廠所排放的二氧化碳, 打入地下or 海中, carbon sequestration • 一些瑞典, 丹麥, 挪威公司正在試驗 • 評估顯示他將比再生能源還有效率 (in reducing greenhouse gases)

  14. 13. Let employee work close to home * Save commuting time, avoid traffic jam, everyone likes this idea

  15. 14. Ride the bus • 運輸約佔14% greenhouse gases • 需要好的大眾捷運系統, 來改變生活型態

  16. 15. Move to a high rise • 住大城市的人比較不需要汽車 • 密度高的地區, commute and supply chains are shorter; smaller place for home and less personal carbon footprint

  17. 16. Pay your bill online • 減少paper trail • 如果美國每個人都這麼做, 減少solid waste 1.45 billion tons; or 1.9 million greenhouse gases

  18. 17. Open a window • Adjust thermostat 冬天低些, 夏天高些 • 改善牆壁與天花板的絕熱 • 洗碗機裝滿了才啟動

  19. 18. Ask an expert for energy audit of your home • They will use equipment, such as IR camera to help you to pinpoint exactly how your house is losing energy • Visit http://time.com/audit

  20. 19. Buy green power, at home or away • 有些歐洲國家有此類的電力供應 • 多半也都得到政府補貼

  21. 20. Check the label • 美國環保署有個rating system 提供 Energy Star label • 該類產品一般可省35%電力消耗

  22. 21. Cozy up to your water heater * 做好熱水器的絕熱工作, 也可省許多能源

  23. 22. Skip the steak • 國際肉品市場產生約18% greenhouse gases • 主要來源是牠們的排泄物: CH4 (C warming effect的23倍); & NO (296倍) • 估計吃素的人每年可減少1.4 ton CO2排放量

  24. 23. Copy California • 美國最積極的州, 致力於減低排放量; 目標 2050 減低 80% (2006水準) • Key person: Terry Tamminen

  25. 24. Just say No to plastic bags • 每年約500 billion 塑膠袋被使用; less than 3% recycle • PE塑膠袋需要1000年才分解 • 使用布袋最好

  26. 25. Support your local farmer * 減少運輸

  27. 26. Plant a bamboo fence • 竹子生長的很快 30 cm/day • 它吸收二氧化碳也不少

  28. 27. Straight up and flight right • 國際航空組織協調飛行時, 真正的直飛 (國家空權) • China to Europe 直飛, 可節省30 min, 當然也節省燃料

  29. 28. Have a green wedding • 太遠的客人, 請她直接捐款再生能源基金會也不錯 • local 一些 • 把這些當成你對地球的禮物

  30. 29. Remove the tie • 穿得輕鬆一些, 辦公室溫度可調高到 28oC • 日本政府在2005夏天規定無須穿深色西裝上班, 估計節省71,700 ton CO2

  31. 30. Shut off your computer * 家庭用電中75%都用於standby power for DVD, TV, PC, etc.;

  32. 31. Wear green eye shadow • Eco-friendly makeup • Market for organic personal-care products will grow

  33. 32. Kill the lights at quitting time * 下班後, 確定所有電器用品都關機了 or set for timed switch-off

  34. 33. Rearrange the heavens and the earth * Geo-engineering: 大型的計畫企圖改變地球的環境, e.g. 用大型鏡子將陽光反射回去,…etc.

  35. 34. Rake in the fall colors * 用耙子而不要用blower來處理落葉

  36. 35. End the paper chase • 美國人每年 recycle 50%用紙量, 約38 million ton; • recycled paper 比 virgin paper save 60% energy • 每噸再生紙可省 4400 kw-h, 3000 L 水, 19 顆樹, 而每顆樹可以過濾空污物 27 kg

  37. 36. Play the market • EU Emission Trading Scheme 針對排放物 cap-and-trade; • 運用經濟誘因促使產業改善

  38. 37. Think outside the packaging • 靠消費者自醒, 牛奶瓶直接拿著就好, 毋需袋子; • 不用複雜的包裝 • HP, Wal-Mart 都已有類似的努力

  39. 38. Trade carbon for capital * Kyoto protocol clean development mechanism (CDM) 富有國家可以靠emission-reduction 賺credit, 以投資開發中國家的energy-efficient projects

  40. 39. Make your garden grow * 用自製的肥料取代合成肥料 (後者釋放出太多的NO)

  41. 40. Get a carbon budget • Global warming 造成最大的不公: 窮人釋放的CO2最少但卻最容易受害 • How about cap-and-trade for individuals, 每個人都有相同的quota, 消耗多的人必須付更高的費

  42. 41. Fill’er up with passengers * How about car pools? 太多人獨自開車上班

  43. 42. Pay for your carbon sins • 捐款(補償)給基金會贊助clean-energy projects, forest conservation, etc. • need more verification, more assurances

  44. 43. Move to London’s new green zone • 倫敦市區有個號稱zero-carbon housing development • 233戶

  45. 44. Check your tires • 保持汽車在最佳狀態可以節省不少能量 • 從8.5  10.2 km/L 可以一年少排放90 kg CO2

  46. 45. Make one right turn after another * UPS說三個右轉勝過左轉, esp. in big cities

  47. 46. Plant a tree in the tropics * 只有種在熱帶的樹, 具被降低二氧化碳的功能, 寒帶dark leaves 所吸收的熱遠勝於其所吸收的二氧化碳

  48. 47. If you must burn coal, do it right * 90 millions tons of CO2 are saved annually by co-generation plants in China

  49. 48. Drive green on the scenic route * 渡假時候可以租用hybrid car, or car run on bio-diesel

  50. 49. Set a higher standard * 修改排放標準 , 加速改善

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