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Chapter 20 The Jazz Age

Chapter 20 The Jazz Age. Section 1 A Clash of Values. Nativism Resurges. In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased. Immigrants and demobilized military men and women competed for the same jobs during a time of high unemployment and an increased cost of living. . The Sacco-Vanzetti Case.

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Chapter 20 The Jazz Age

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  1. Chapter 20The Jazz Age Section 1 A Clash of Values

  2. Nativism Resurges • In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased. • Immigrants and demobilized military men and women competed for the same jobs during a time of high unemployment and an increased cost of living.

  3. The Sacco-Vanzetti Case • Ethnic prejudice was the basis of the S-V case, in which two immigrant men were accused of murder and theft. • They were thought to be anarchists, or opposed to all forms of gov’t. • They were sentenced to death, and in 1927 they were executed.

  4. Pseudo-Scientific Racism • Nativists used the idea of eugenics, the false science of the improvement of hereditary traits, to support arguments against immigration. • They emphasized that human inequalities were inherited and said that inferior people should not be allowed to breed.

  5. Sir Francis GaltonFounder of Eugenics

  6. Return of the Ku Klux Klan • KKK led the movement to restrict immigration. • The new Klan not only targeted the African Americans but also Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and others who had “un-American” values.

  7. Return of the KKK • Because of a publicity campaign, by 1924 the KKK had over 4 million members. • Scandals and poor leadership led to the decline of the Klan in the late 1920s.

  8. Controlling Immigration • 1921 – Pres. Harding signed the Emergency Quota Act – limited immigration to 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the U.S. • Discriminated heavily against southern and eastern Europeans.

  9. National Origins Act of 1924 • Made immigration restriction a permanent policy. • Lowered the quota to 2%. • Exempted immigrants from the Western Hemisphere from the quotas.

  10. Hispanic Immigration to the U.S. • Acts of 1921 & 1924 reduced the labor pool. • Mexican immigrants began to pour into the U.S. • Fled their country due to the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution of 1910.

  11. The New Morality • The new morality challenged traditional ideas and glorified youth and personal freedom. • Women broke away from families as they entered the workforce, earned their own livings, or attended college. • The automobile gave American youth the opportunity to pursue interests away from their parents.

  12. Women in the 1920s • Fashion changed dramatically in the 1920s • The flapper, a young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional woman, exemplified the change in women’s behavior. • She smoked, drank illegal liquor, and wore revealing clothes. • Professionally women made advances as well.

  13. Wrote The Age of Innocence. Won a Pulitzer Prize Edith Wharton

  14. Medical research led to a dramatic drop in death rates from tuberculosis. Florence Sabin

  15. Founded the American Birth Control League in 1921. Became Planned Parenthood in 1940s. Margaret Sanger

  16. One of the first woman anthropoligists. Published Coming of Age in Somoa Described life in a Pacific island culture. Margaret Mead

  17. The Fundamentalist Movement • Fundamentalists rejected Darwin's theory of evolution. • Believed in creationism – that God created the world as described in the Bible.

  18. The Scopes Trial • 1925 – Tennessee passed the Butler Act, made it illegal to teach anything that denied creationism and taught evolution instead.

  19. John T. Scopes, per the request of the ACLU, volunteered to test the Butler Act. Arrested and put on trial, found guilty, but the case was later overturned. After the trial many Fundamentalists withdrew from politics. The Scopes Trial

  20. Prohibition • Many people felt the 18th Amendment, which prohibited alcohol, would reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty.

  21. The Volstead Act • Made the enforcement of Prohibition the responsibility of the U.S. Treasury Department. • Until the 1900s, police powers – a gov’t power to control people and property in the public’s interest, had been the job of the state gov’t.

  22. Prohibition • Americans ignored the laws of Prohibition. • They went to secret bars called speakeasies. • Crime became big business, and gangsters corrupted many local politicians and governments.

  23. Prohibition • 1933 – the ratification of the 21st Amendment ended Prohibition. • It was a victory for modernism and a defeat for supporters of traditional values.

  24. End of Section 1 Next: Section 2 Cultural Innovations

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