The Jazz Age

1. The Jazz Age The Roaring ’20s Life from 1920-1930

2. Boom Time in the 1920s • Many Reasons for the good times: • Republicans’ Pro Business stance • Abundant supplies of energy. • By 1930- 2/3 of homes had electricity. • New electrical appliances • Radio and Phonograph

3. American Business • Age of the Automobile • Ford’s car called the “Tin Lizzie” • Model A and Model T • Increased traffic = 400,000 miles of new roads • Urban Sprawl began

4. 1920sAirline Industry

5. Airplane Industry • Established a new means for transportation for people and goods • Gave people greater freedom to Travel • Main company: Lockheed

6. Charles A. Lindbergh • May 21, 1927, Charles A Lindbergh completed the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight in history, flying his Ryan NYP “Spirit of St. Louis” 3610 miles between Roosevelt Field on Long Island, New York, and Paris, France in 33 hours, 30 minutes. With this flight, Lindbergh won the $25,000 prize offered by New York Hotel owner Raymond Orteig to the first aviator to fly an aircraft directly across the Atlantic between New York and Paris. • “Spirit of St. Louis” was named in honor of Lindbergh’s supporters in St. Louis, Missouri, who paid for the aircraft.

7. Amelia Earhart • After Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic in 1927, a wealthy American woman living in London named Mary Guest wanted to be the first woman to make the trip. After deciding it was too dangerous to undertake herself, she instead decided to sponsor the project, suggesting that they find "another girl with the right image." In April 1928, Amelia Earhart got the call. • May 20-21, 1932 - First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic; 14 hrs 56 min (it was also the 5th anniversary of Lindberg's Atlantic flight; awarded National Geographic Society's gold medal from President Herbert Hoover; Congress awarded her the Distinguished Flying Cross; wrote For The Fun of It about her journey.

8. Electrical Conveniences • Electrification of Homes • Electrical Appliances • Made lives of housewives easier. • Factories used Electric to run machines

9. Dawn of Modern Advertising • Created Greater Demand for Consumer goods • Increased Sales and Profit • Turned Luxury items into necessities • Helped the economy boom

10. Before WWI, $500 million were spent on advertisements. Advertisements mostly targeted women. Used psychology to play on consumers’ hopes and fears. ADVERTISEMENTS

11. Credit • People bought more goods because of easy credit. • Buyers purchased about 75 percent of cars on credit. • This practice soon spread to other items. • False sense of prosperity

12. Products • As more of the products were being sold, new chain stores were built. • Some products were telephone, TV, hair dryer, and lipstick.

13. Installment Plan • Enabled to buy goods over an extended period of time without having to put down much money. • Slogan: • “You furnish the girl, we’ll furnish the home.”

15. Changing Ways of Life

16. Immigration & The Urban Scene • 1920- one quarter of the population was foreign born • 1921-Congress passes a quota of only 3% from each nationality, except Asians who were at 0% • Cities- fast paced & Crowded

17. Immigration Act of 1924 • Limits the quotas to 2% for Western nations • Mexican Immigration • Needed the workers for railroads, mining, and farming. • 500,00 in the 1920s

18. Mexican Immigration Cont. • Promise of larger pay in the city jobs drew Mexicans there. • Restrictive quotas did not apply to them AMERICA BECAME “THE GREAT MELTING POT” OF CULTURES

19. Native Americans • Indians began to fight for legally fight for taken lands • 1924- Congress grants citizenship to Native Americans. • Many fought in WWI for America

20. Native Americans Cont. • Harding tried to convert all N.A. lands toprivate use. • Native Americans stopped the action. • Bursum Bill tried to take Pueblo Lands. • Through united effort it was defeated • Reservations Never again tried to be taken.

21. Prohibition 1920-1933(18th Amendment) Causes Effects Organized crime grew Disrespect for the law developed Increase in Lawlessness Consumption of alcohol declined • Various religious groups thought that Drinking was sinful • Government should protect public’s health • During WWI, native-born Americans developed hostility toward Immigrant groups that used alcohol

22. Speakeasies and Bootlegers

23. Organized Crime • Empire netted over $60 million a year • 522 bloody gang killings

24. St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

25. Science and Religion • American Fundmentalism –Literal interpretation of the bible

26. Scopes Trial

27. Scopes Trial • Also known as the Monkey Trial • Dayton, Tenn. • People did not want evolution taught to their children • Scopes was found guilty and found $100. • Verdict was overturned, but law remained on books outlawing evolution

28. The New Woman By: Ellie Kern and Rachel Skipper The New Woman By: Ellie Kern and Rachel Skipper

29. Who? • Many women in the 1920’s were exercising their new freedoms using the way they dressed and behaved… • These women were given the nickname “Flappers.”

30. Some Flappers from the 20s Louise Brooks actress Clara Bow actress Zelda Fitzgerald writer Colleen Moore actress Dorothy Parker writer

31. What Exactly Did They Do? • The Flappers changed the fashion for women in the 1920’s. • They loved to go against what was normal for women at that time, and set new trends. • They also took advantage of their economic independence. This included being able to work outside their houses after they were married, and save money for themselves.

32. When? • Flappers started off in the 20’s, but have influenced women and fashion ever since.

33. Where? • In big cities in the U.S.A. • Some of these cities were: * Chicago – flappers often went to integrated clubs (integration was frowned upon at the time) * New York City – flappers preformed in stage productions • At the time, prohibition was enforced, so many could be found in back alleys where they could get illegal liquor.

34. Why? • In 1919, women got the right to vote, and were enjoying their new freedoms. • They wanted to show America that they would no longer be bossed around.

35. How Did They Influence American Society? • Flappers made up their own slang words that some people still use today. Some of these terms were: * “big cheese” – important person * “the cat’s pajamas” - fantastic * “baloney” – nonsense * “the bee’s knees” – also fantastic • They also influenced fashion and behavior of women.

36. Equal Rights Amendment • Introduced to Congress in 1923 • Equal Rights to Men and Women • Support came from middle class and professional women • Pauline Nueman- Women’s Trade Union League

37. ERA: Results • Amendment did not pass • Women’s groups were divided by this issue • Still a hot issue through the 1970s and beyond.

38. Pictures!

39. Education and Popular Culture

40. Enrollments in School • 4 million Students enrolled in high school. • New Jobs required more education

41. Coursework • Catered to a broad range of students • Vocational training introduced.

42. Financing • Cost of education doubled to $2.7 billion dollars a year by 1926 • U.S. spending more money on Education than any other nation in the world

43. Newspapers • As literacy rates rose so did newspaper circulation. • Tabloids became popular • Daily News and Daily Mirror in New York City

44. Magazines • Time • Saturday Evening Post • Reader’s Digest • The New Yorker • Life

45. Radio • Radio Shows popular • RCA, NBC, CBS

46. Sports

47. Movies • Charlie Chaplin “Little Tramp” • Rudolph Valentino: Heartthrob-”The Sheik • Talking pictures introduced • Mickey Mouse’s first movie: “Steamboat Willie”

49. Art • Georgia O’Keefe • Edward Hopper

50. Architecture • Frank Lloyd Wright & The Skyscraper