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SHAKESPEARE

SHAKESPEARE. "Blow, blow, thou winter wind, Thou art not so unkind As man's ingratitude". Shakespeare: Random Facts. Loveless marriage? His plays reflect the trials of his life. Theatres were seen as ungodly and immoral. Plague – closed theatres

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SHAKESPEARE

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  1. SHAKESPEARE "Blow, blow, thou winter wind,Thou art not so unkindAs man's ingratitude"

  2. Shakespeare: Random Facts • Loveless marriage? • His plays reflect the trials of his life. • Theatres were seen as ungodly and immoral. • Plague – closed theatres • The Globe Theatre made Shakespeare his fortune. Julius Caesar was the first played performed. • Audience relied heavily on their imagination. • He transformed the English language. • Shakespeare died at the age of 52 without seeing his plays officially published.

  3. The Globe Theatre

  4. The Scene • Setting was unknown to the audience until the characters talked about it • No curtain to close • No scenery to change • Some props were used • Elaborate costumes • Lots of sound effects • Actors were boys and men (no women) • Actors owned a share in the company • Workers on salary were called “hirelings” • Acting companies were sponsored by wealthy patrons • Patron is a person who attends the theatre • From 1594 – 1603, Shakespeare’s company was called Lord Chamberlain’s Men • 1603 – Shakespeare’s company became The King’s Men

  5. Plays • Shakespeare wrote his plays to suit the actors who would play the parts • He also wrote plays to flatter his sponsors • He wrote his plays in “blank verse” poetry with no rhyme • Disguise played an important role in Shakespeare’s plays • Disguise was easy because actors would use costumes from different levels of society

  6. Elizabethan View of the World was shaped by… • A sense of moral and political order based on religious beliefs, the great chain of being; • An interest in history, which they believed taught one practical and moral lessons; • A fascination with the supernatural; • An interest in new inventions, ideas, and discoveries. (New interest in learning, beginning of science, interest in the New World and in time); • Interest in drama, which had only recently been re-discovered following its neglect in the Middle Ages • An interest in politics.

  7. Shakespearean Drama: Five Characteristics

  8. Shakespeare’s Divisions (or Shakespeare’s plot chart) • EXPOSITION: • Mood, atmosphere, setting, some of the main characters • POINT OF ATTACK (initial incident) • establishes the main conflict • RISING ACTION: • a series of complications over which the tragic hero triumphs • CLIMAX /CRISIS: • the turning point in the affairs of the protagonist • DENOUEMENT: • a documentation of the steps in the tragic downfall of the protagonist • CATASTROPHE: • the death and destruction of the protagonist and subsequently of others near him • CATHARSIS: • the purging of emotion in the audience • the finale in which “Good” is seen to come from the tragedy

  9. Elements of Shakespeare’s Plays

  10. PUN: • a play on words that are either identical in sound (homonyms) or very similar in sound, but are sharply diverse in meaning. • e.g. Mercutio in “Romeo & Juliet”, bleeding to death, says: “Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man!”

  11. MONOLOGUE: • a lengthy speech spoken by one character to another.

  12. SOLILOQUY: • a lengthy speech by one character who stands alone on stage and reveals his/her private thoughts aloud.

  13. ASIDE: • when a character expresses her/his thoughts or intentions in a short speech in which only the audience can hear but not the characters on the stage

  14. ACT: • used to designate the divisions of a play; a block of stage time that reflects a single setting and action, often divided further into “scenes”, to reflect multiple settings and actions.

  15. SCENE: • smaller units of stage time that mark a change of characters, place, or action and, in certain consecutive sequence, often constitute a full “act.”

  16. STAGE DIRECTIONS: • the directions presented in the play to give readers a sense of the action in the play in relation to the dialogue.

  17. ELIZABETHAN DRAMA: • named after the ruling English monarch, Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603); it provided a unique contribution to the literature of the theatre and was represented by such verse dramatists as Shakespeare and Marlowe.

  18. PROSE: • is often used as a general term for all speech, spoken or written, which is not patterned into the lines and rhythms either of metric verse or free verse.

  19. SUB PLOT: • a minor story line that is subordinate to the major one

  20. BLANK VERSE: • formally referred to as “iambic pentameter”; consists of lines which are unrhymed – hence the term “blank.” • Shakespeare's plays are mainly written in “blank verse.” • The lines which are rhymed are ten syllables long. • The syllables have alternating stresses like normal English speech. • The syllables are divided into five groups or five feet.

  21. e.g. Induction, Scene I • Second Huntsman: • He breathes, my Lord. Were he not warmed with ale, • Lord: • O’ monstrous beast, how like a swine he is! • Grim death, how foul and loathsome is thine image!

  22. Senteo Quiz Literary Terms in Shakespeare’s Plays

  23. LANGUAGE

  24. Understanding Shakespeare’s Language • Archaic words – words no longer in use • e.g. aroint thee (begone) • runnon (a fat woman) • anon (right away) • Use of the apostrophe • e.g. e’er – ever • look’d – looked • reason – to keep the lines 10 syllables • Looked in Shakespeare’s time – two syllables

  25. Understanding Shakespeare’s Language • Use of metaphor, simile • One object or idea is expressed as if it were something else • e.g. “That I may prove my spirit in thine ear” The words she wants to say are compared to liquid that can be poured in the ear • “Look like the innocent / But be serpent under ‘it.” How Macbeth should look to hide his evil intentions.

  26. Understanding Shakespeare’s Language • words we still use, but we use with different meaning • composition – terms of peace • present – immediate • choppy – chopped, wrinkled • addition – title • Unusual arrangement of words in a sentence • Used to create rhythm • Emphasized a word • e.g. “Shall he dwindle, seak and pine” he shall

  27. Why is Shakespearean Language still taught? Well, not only did he come up with the words that we use on an everyday basis . . . Examples: accommodation gnarled amazement hurry assassination lonely bloody laughable bump majestic critic monumental gloomy obscene

  28. Recurring Shakespearean Metaphors • Corresponding planes of reality. Elizabethans saw reality as a series of concentric circles; • The garden (An unweeded garden stands as a metaphor for a corrupted kingdom); • Time (life often compared to time or to a clock); • The body politic (The political state is often compared to the human body. ie., Rebellion rears its ugly head); • Sexual metaphor and imagery (ie. A promiscuous woman often used as a metaphor for a morally tainted kingdom); • The play as a metaphor of life (ie. “The play’s the thing / Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king.”) • Music / dance metaphor; life as harmony and discord.

  29. Costumes

  30. Queen Elizabeth • In Elizabethan England, what you wore defined who you were. Laws dictated the strict fashions of each social class. • Queen Elizabeth wore a bum-roll (bustle), farthingale (hoop), and a tightly laced corset. Together they made her hips appear four-feet wide and her waist appear as thin as a wasp. She also wore unrestrained jewellery, a bright red wig, a white, lead-based paste on her face, and fancy headpieces and collars.

  31. Queen Elizabeth

  32. Noble Class • The noble class copied the Queen, but in more muted styles. Nobles wore imported fabrics – silk, lace, and velvet – in purple and other royal colors. Many ladies who used white paste to imitate Queen Elizabeth died from lead poisoning. Ladies generally did not corset their waists smaller than the Queen’s.

  33. Middle-Class Citizens • Middle-class citizens included doctors, lawyers, merchants, and other property owners. Their colors were black, white, and bright, jewel-tones such as ruby-red. They could not wear purple, but copied other royal styles in a subdued way.

  34. Peasants • Peasants wore leather, wool, and linen – all common, domestic products. Cotton, silk, or velvet were too expensive. Their colors were earth tones and pastels. They generally had one multilayer outfit, sometimes patched together from several worn out outfits.

  35. Shakespeare in Love Scenes • Scene 1: Her Majesty • Costumes, Social Status • Scene 2: 25 - Opening Night • The Globe

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