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    1. ????? 1?????????????????????????????

    2. ????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Program) ???????????????????????? ???????????????? (Process) ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????

    3. ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????? (Super Computer) ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? (Mainframe Computer) ???????????????????? ??????????????????? (Mini Computer) ???????????????????? ???????? (PC : Personal Computer) ????????????????????????? ??????????? (Notebook Computer) ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????? (PDA : Personal Digital Assistant) ???????????????????? ???????? (Net)

    4. ????????????????????????? ????????? (Hardware) ????????? (Software) ??????? (Pepleware) ?????? (Data) ?????????????? (Procedure)

    5. ????????? (Hardware) ???????????????????????? (Input Unit) ??????????????????????????? (CPU : Central Processing Unit) ??????????????? (Storage) ????????????????????????????? (Primary Storage ???? Main Memory) ???????????????????? (Secondary Storage) ??????????????????????????? (Output Unit)

    8. ????????? (Software) ????????????? (System Software) ????????????????????? (OS : Operating System) ????????????????????????? (Translator Program) ???????????????????????????????? (Utility Program) ?????????????????? (Package) ????????????????? (Application Software)

    9. ??????? (Peopleware) ????????????????????????? (System Analysis and Design) ???????????? (Programming) ?????????????????? (Database Administrator : DBA) ????????????? (Operator) ?????? (User) ????????? (Manager)

    10. ?????? (Data) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????? (Character) ?????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??? ????? (Field) ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????? (Record) ????????????? ????????????????????????????? (File) ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Database)

    11. ?????????????? (Procedure) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????? (user manual) ????????????????????? (operation manual)

    12. ???????????????????????? ?????? (Abacus) John Napier ????????????????????????????? Napiers Bones Henry Briggs ???????????????????????????? Edmund Gunter ???????????????????? Briggs ???????????????? William Aughtred ??????????????? Gunter ??????? Slide Rule ??????????????????????????????????????????????? Charles Babbage ?????????????????????? ?????????? ??????? (Analytical engine) Ada Lovelace ??????????????????????? => ???? Ada

    13. ?????????????? ?????? (?.?.1945-1955) ????????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????? 2 (?.?.1955-1964) ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? 3 (?.?.1965-1980) ??????????????????????? IC (Integrated Circuit) ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????? 4 (?.?.1980-????????) ???????????????????? ???????????????????? multi-mode ?????????????????????????? (Virtual machines) ????????????????????? ?????? 5 ??????????????????

    14. ????????????????????????????? ? ????????????? IBM System/360 ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Bell ??? Newell ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? hierarchical, multilevel description????????? 4 ????????????????????????????????? (Electronics Circuit Level), ??????????????????? (Logic Design Level), ??????????????? (Programming Level) ?????????????????????????????????????????? (Processor-Memory-Switch Level)

    15. ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????/?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

    16. ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ??????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????? ?????? PMS ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Apple Macintosh) ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? (bus) ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????/????????

    18. ???????? von Neumann ?????????? von Neumann ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? program counter (PC) ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????? branch ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????

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