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Human Elective

Human Elective. Overpopulation. V.Redmond 2011. Overpopulation. Overpopulation occurs when there are more people living in an area than there are resources to support them. Resources could include clean water, food, shelter, land, education, medicine, etc. Sudan. North east Africa

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Human Elective

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  1. Human Elective Overpopulation V.Redmond 2011

  2. Overpopulation • Overpopulation occurs when there are more people living in an area than there are resources to support them. • Resources could include clean water, food, shelter, land, education, medicine, etc.

  3. Sudan • North east Africa • Largest African country • Barren, only 5% of land is fertile. Desert climate in north and Tropical in south. • Capital is Khartoum • Political divisions between Islamic north and Black south.

  4. Map of Sudan

  5. Population in Sudan • 32 million • 50% under 18 years • Life expectancy 55 years • Uneven distribution • 33% population living on 7% of land • 66% of population live within 300 km of Khartoum

  6. Causes of Overpopulation • High Birth Rates • Migration and Conflict • Environmental Degradation • …….Overpopulation is confined to certain parts of Sudan (near Khartoum and the Darfur region)

  7. Birth Rates • Stage 2 in population cycle • High level of natural increase • Large families, 5 children average • High infant mortality • Lack education/ Family planning • 50% of population under 18 • High Dependency Ratio

  8. Conflict • 2003 • Sudanese Liberation Army & Justice and Equality Movement • Rebelled against government • Blamed govt for not protecting farming communities and not developing the Darfur region of Sudan • Govt responded with violence

  9. Conflict and Migration • Govt bombed villages • Supported Janjawid (mounted Arab militia) • Continuous fighting in rural areas • Villages looted, burned, abandoned • Over a million displaced people (refugees) within Darfur and thousands fled to Chad • Thousands killed

  10. Effect of Conflict on Population • Overpopulation in certain areas • Lack of services and employment in these areas • Refugees require huge amount of food and medical aid • Brain drain as professionals emigrate

  11. Influx from Ethiopia • Famine and Conflict • One million refugees flee to Darfur • Lack skills/education • Unemployment • Burden of aid provision

  12. Migration • Internal • External to Chad • Immigration from Ethiopia • Brain drain

  13. Environmental Degradation • Drought reduces food production capacity • Regular drought • Deforestation for fuel • Deforestation causing Desertification • Sahara spreading south 10 km a year

  14. Exam Questions • Explain the term overpopulation and examine two causes of overpopulation in a region you have studied. (30 marks) • Discuss two effects of overpopulation in a region or country that you have studied. (30 marks) • Examine one cause and one effect of overpopulation, with reference to examples you have studied. (30 marks)

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