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Pinnipeds of the World

Pinnipeds of the World Family Otaridae The Eared Seals Hooker’s Sea Lion Range: New Zealand & the Auklands Diet: squid, octopus, fish, crab & mussels Population: 3,000 males measure between 2.0- 3.25 m in length and weigh 300- 450 kg

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Pinnipeds of the World

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  1. Pinnipeds of the World Family Otaridae The Eared Seals

  2. Hooker’s Sea Lion • Range: New Zealand & the Auklands • Diet: squid, octopus, fish, crab & mussels • Population: 3,000 • males measure between 2.0-3.25 m in length and weigh 300-450 kg • females measure 1.6-2 m in length and weigh up to 160 kg

  3. Hooker’s Sea Lion • Facts: in the 1800’s they were hunted for their oil and leather • between 1995-97 an estimated >100 sea lions drowned annually in squid trawl nets

  4. South American Sea Lion • Range: E & W coasts of South American • Diet: squid, crustaceans, fish • Population: 257,000 • males measure an average of 2.6 m long and weigh around 300 kg • females measure an average of 1.8-2 m long and weigh around 150 kg

  5. South American Sea Lion • Facts: in the 1800’s they were hunted for their oil and leather • Conflict with fisheries throughout their range causes problems for South American sea lions including reduced fish stocks, killing by fishermen to avoid damage to nets, and they are often caught as bycatch in gillnets and longlines, and entangled in trawl nets.

  6. Californian Sea Lion • Range: West coast of N. Am, Sea of Japan, Galapagos Islands • Diet: squid, octopus, & fish • Population: 110,000 • Males may reach 454 kg (average 390 kg) and 2.1 m in length • Females grow to 110 kg and up to 1.8 m in length

  7. Californian Sea Lion • Facts: they also eat salmon and in Japan are killed because of competition. • Commonly used as trained seals • very social animals, and groups often rest closely packed together at favored haul-out sites on land, or float together on the ocean's surface in "rafts."

  8. Australian Sea Lion • Range: SW coast of Aus. • Diet: squid, fish, crayfish • Population: 6000 • males measure between 2-2.5 m in length and weigh 250-300 kg • females measure between 1.3-1.8 m in length and weigh 61-104 kg

  9. Australian Sea Lion • Goes 6 miles inland to feed • hunted for its hide and oil in the 18th and 19th centuries before which its range extended as far as the islands in Bass Strait • unexplained dramatic fluctuations in pup mortality rates which may be endangering the species

  10. Stellar Sea Lion • Range: Sea of Othotsk & Alaska – California • Diet: squid, octopus, crabs, fish, & crabs • Population: 245,000 • male is 300 cm and can weigh up to 1000 kg (largest 9.5 ft & 2200 lbs) • female is 250 cm and weighs 270 kg

  11. Stellar Sea Lion • Facts: too belligerent for circus • Reasons for decline in Alaska include: an increase in parasites and disease, predation by killer whales, nutritional stress caused by competition with humans or other species for food and/or changes in abundance, quality and distribution of prey, and environmental factors such as pollution.

  12. Stellar Sea Lion Decline • 1969 1979 1986

  13. Northern Fur Seal • Range: ring northern Pacific from Japan to California • Diet: fish and squid • Population: 1,840,000 • Males are 2.1m in length and weigh 175-275kg • females are smaller at an average 1.4m in length and 30-50kg

  14. Northern Fur Seal • Facts: in 1911, 200,000 killed by Russians for fur. Today 25,000 immature males harvested annually • signing in 1911 of the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention by the US, Japan, Russia and the UK (for Canada). • Among other provisions, the Convention banned the hunting of Northern fur seals at sea and restricted the killing on land to immature males

  15. Southern Hemisphere Fur Seals Range Diet Pop. • Cape Fur Seal So. African SE coast Africa fish&squid 850,000 Australian W coast Aus “ 20,000 • New Zealand New Zealand squid&octo 40,000 • Juan Fernandez Archipelago fish,squid 1,000 near Chili & lobster • Galapagos Galapagos Is fish 40,000

  16. Southern Hemisphere Fur Seals Diet Pop. Facts • Guadalupe fish & 1,000 1954 considered mollusks extinct • So. American squid, fish 320,000 lobster • Antarctic krill & 800,000 immature penguins • Subantarctic fish, squid 110,000 shrimp, penguin

  17. Family Phocidae • the True Seals • No external ear flaps • Pelvis does not turn under body

  18. Monk Seals Diet Pop. Facts • Caribbean fish & extinct? 1952 last octopus doc. Sighting Mediterranean fish & 350 octopus • Hawaiian fish, squid 1,000 removed from & octopus Hawaiian Is

  19. Weddell Seal • Range: Fast Ice of Antarctica • Diet: Fish and squid • Population: 750,000 • Facts: Deepest Diving after Elephant Seal 2000 ft. for more than an hour

  20. Ross Seal • Range: Pack Ice of Antarctica • Diet: squid • Population: 220,000 • Facts: Antarctic sealers don’t go out on pack ice therefore, numbers not depleted due to hunting

  21. Crabeater Seal • Range: Pack Ice & coast of Antarctica • Diet: 100% krill • Population: 15,000,000 • Facts: Antarctic sealers don’t go out on pack ice therefore, numbers not depleted due to hunting

  22. Crabeater Seal Facts • Most numerous pinniped • One of the most numerous mammals • Fast seal goes 14 mph • Killer whale chief enemy • Many seals carry scars-when whale grabs it on land, they instinctively roll to get away

  23. Leopard Seal • Range: Antarctica & islands off S. Australia, S. America, & Africa • Diet: Fish, squid, penguins, & other pups • Population: 500,000 • Facts: The only to seal to prey on other seal species, there are many tales from early explorers about harrowing encounters with Leopard seals

  24. Southern Elephant Seal • Range: Subantarctic Is. and Argentina • Diet: deep sea fish • Population: 600,000 • Males 5500 lbs, and 16ft long • Females 1/3 size of males

  25. Southern Elephant Seal • Largest pinniped • Males mature at 8 years • Lifespan 12-15 years • Deepest diving to 5000 feet • Bulls can be heard for several miles • 1 male to 40-50 females

  26. Northern Elephant Seal • Range: Alaska to Baja • Diet: Deep bottom dwellers: ratfish, swell sharks, spiny dogfish, rockfish & squid • Population: 1900 thought to be extinct • Found 100 in Guadalupe Is. • Today 130,000 • Some harvested today but is strictly controlled

  27. Harbor Seal • Range: around N. Pacific (Baja to Japan) & N. Atlantic (Carolinas & north) • Diet: fish and invertebrates • Population: 400,000 • Facts: seal found on east coast of U.S.

  28. Larga Seal • Range: Bearing, Okhotsk, & Chukchi • Diet: fish and invertebrates • Population: 400,000

  29. Ringed Seal • Range: Circumpolar in Arctic Ocean • Diet: cod and crustaceans • Population: 5,000,000 • Facts: smallest true seal 4 feet and 100 lbs

  30. Ribbon Seal • Range: Bering Sea & Sea of Okhotsk • Diet: Fish, shrimp, & squid • Population: 180,000

  31. Gray Seal • Range: Labrador to Iceland to Spitzburgen • Diet: fish & invertebrates • Population: 125,000 • Facts: L male to 9' 10" (3 m), female to 7' 7" (2.3 m); Wt male to 770 lb (350 kg), female to 440 lb (200 kg).

  32. Bearded Seal • Range: Arctic Ocean down to Hudson Bay & Sea of Okhotsk • Diet: benthic organisms shrimp, crabs, clams, snails, sea cucumbers, flounder • Population: 500,000 • Facts: solitary except for mating season whiskers on muzzle

  33. Harp Seal • Range: Gulf of St. Lawrence to White Sea • Diet: fish, shrimp, plankton, amphipods • Population: 3,500,000 • Facts: babies have white coats and are hunted in Newfoundland for their fur • 1950’s 250,000 killed/year • 1960’s 180,000 killed/year • 1990’s kill 1.5% (3.5 mil x 1.5% = 52,500)

  34. Hooded Seal • Range: Baffin Island & Newfoundland • Diet: fish & squid • Population: 600,000 • Facts: Babies called “bluebacks” 1977 pelts: Canada 6000, Norway 21,000 Greenland 3000, Russia kills many but doesn’t report • Adult males blow red balloon (septum) out of left nostril for courtship

  35. Baikal Seal • Range: Lake Baikal (Siberia) • Diet: fish • Population: 70,000 • Facts: Baikal deepest freshwater lake in the world (1 mile deep) • Only freshwater pinnipeds

  36. Caspian Seal • Range: Caspian Sea • Diet: fish & crustaceans • Population: 450,000 • Facts: Caspian Sea salt = 10 ppt very brackish

  37. Family Odobenidae • The Walruses

  38. Walrus • Range: Arctic Ocean and adjoining seas • Diet: mollusks (mostly clams) • Population: 1950 = 40,000 1975 = 100,000 1990 = 250,000 200 in Greenland, 3000 in Hudson Bay • Facts: Tusks made of Ivory up to 12 lbs • 2nd largest pinniped only to Elephant seal

  39. Families of Pinnipeds External Ears Stand on 4 Swims With: Species • Otariidae • Eared Seals yes yes front 14 5 sea lion 9 fur seal • Phocidae • True seals no no hind 19 • 2 eleph. • 3 monk • 2 non-oc • Odobenidae • Walruses no yes front 1

  40. The End • http://www.pinnipeds.org/species/species.htm

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