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Water Absorption

Biochar Properties. Water Absorption. Micropore Sponge. Immense internal capacity Soil porosity & permeability Gradual release Keeps soil wetter Keeps microbiology active in drought. Tar & Resin Residues. Black specks, shiny in sunlight Oily hydrocarbons Initially hydrophobic

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Water Absorption

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  1. Biochar Properties Water Absorption Micropore Sponge Immense internal capacity Soil porosity & permeability Gradual release Keeps soil wetter Keeps microbiology active in drought Tar & Resin Residues Black specks, shiny in sunlight Oily hydrocarbons Initially hydrophobic VOC and PAH: multi-ring carbons Carbon-ring candy: feast for microbes Soil Water Filtration Absorption, followed by adsorption Water quality in watersheds Role of microbes in filtration and Soil Food Web Sand Biofilter + Biochar

  2. Biochar Properties Ion Adsorption Adsorb Adsorb: d Adsorb  (verb)  Physical Chemistryto gather on a surface in a condensed layer (gas, liquid, or dissolved solid) charcoal will adsorb gases Adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to create a film on a surface of the adsorbent. This differs from Absorption, where a fluid permeates or is dissolved by or into a solid, such as: water is absorbed by a sponge. Adsorptionis a surface process. Absorptioninvolves the whole volume of material. Sorptionapplies to both processes. Desorptionis the reverse of adsorption, and is thus a surface phenomenon.

  3. Biochar Properties Ion Adsorption Adsorb  (verb)  Physical Chemistryto gather on a surface in a condensed layer: Typically, Adsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules quite different from Absorption Ion is an atom with an electric charge Cations Cations are made when atoms give up one or more electrons and thus have a positive (+) charge H2O Anions Anions form when atoms gain one or more electrons and thus have a negative (−) charge water Each element has different attraction for electrons molecule Hydrogen has a weak attraction for electrons Oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons In a water molecule, Hydrogen yields its electron Oxygen attracts two electrons Thus, a water molecule has an electric polarity, + + Hydrogens each have a slight positive (+)charge − − Oxygen becomes a mild negative (−) charge Cations (+) Anions (−) Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine most Trace Elements Nitrogen, Boron, Iodine

  4. Biochar Properties Ion Adsorption Adsorb  (verb)  Physical Chemistryto gather on a surface in a condensed layer: Typically, Adsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules Ion is an atom with an electric charge An H2O watermolecule is not an Ion, + because it has no net electric charge H2O = = protons + − electrons balance water But water molecules do have electric polarity, molecule and attract ions and other polarized molecules − with opposite electric charge, hydrogen bond − including other water molecules. + + − − A useful example of attraction between polarized molecules is the “hydrogen bond” between adjacent water molecules. Amino Acid Amino Acid Hydrogen bonds make water “wet” and stick to itself. DNA + This slight electric attraction makes water a great solvent, and gives water structure as a “liquid crystal.” DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Cations (+) Anions (−) Three Hydrogen “bonds” between Amino Acids on opposite sides of DNA’s twin spirals hold this complex molecule together Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine most Trace Elements Nitrogen, Boron, Iodine

  5. Biochar Properties Ion Adsorption Adsorb  (verb)  Physical Chemistryto gather on a surface in a condensed layer: Typically, Adsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules This attraction quickly gets much more complex with biocarbon molecules Humus and biochar molecules − consist of tens, hundreds, − − − even thousands of carbons. − − − − These are very large molecules − − + with multiple carbon rings, + − − − − Nitrogens and Oxygens, − − and embedded mineral Ions. Each ring, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and − − − − − − − − + + mineral Ion is an electric charge Humic substance Humic substance + − on the surface of the molecule. C27O20Hx − C72O33N4Hx+ 2R + very low molecular weight Each charge site will attract and + low molecular weight adsorbIons of opposite polarity. Cations (+) Anions (−) Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine most Trace Elements Nitrogen, Boron, Iodine

  6. Biochar Properties Ion Adsorption Adsorb  (verb)  Physical Chemistryto gather on a surface in a condensed layer: Typically, Adsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules This attraction quickly gets much more complex with biocarbon molecules Biochar micropores provide a huge − internal Ionadsorption capacity, − − hundreds, even thousands times − − greater than other soil substances. − − − − Thus, charcoal is an ideal media − + to filter and purify water. + − − − − − − Biochar’s advantage is to adsorb both Cations (+) and Anions (−), Nitrogen Phosphorus Including Nitrogen & Phosphorus. − − − − − − − − + + Humic substance Simple mineral ions + − − C72O33N4Hx+ 2R + Complex organic ions + low molecular weight Cations (+) Anions (−) Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine Nitrogen, Boron, Iodine most Trace Elements Nitrogen, Boron, Iodine

  7. Biochar Properties Ion Adsorption Adsorb  (verb)  Physical Chemistryto gather on a surface in a condensed layer: Ionsin the circulating solution are adsorbed by char particles Charcoal Cations & Anions are attracted to electric charges on char particles and gradually removed from the soil-water solution. This electric attraction is like water’s hydrogen bond + Adsorped ions are loosely held, not bonded adsorped pump Nutrients Ions are slowly caught and held by char's electric charges Slowly, the ion concentration in solution will drop Charcoal adsorption removes and neutralizes toxic chemicals Water Miracle Gro fertilizer Adsorption also holds nutrient ions safely in soil Hydrometer Ionexchanges with microbes & roots: H+ traded for nutrient ions concentrated weak Nutrient Solution Pure water run thru all day barely affects ion concentrations, because ions are adsorped onto and into char particles, and held. Microbes can free elements chemically bound in soil and rocks by an active digestive process different from exchanging ions. Cation Exchange Capacity Anion Exchange Capacity Cations (+) Anions (−) Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine most Trace Elements Nitrogen, Boron, Iodine

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