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Eocene Climate Modelling, and the causes of the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

Eocene Climate Modelling, and the causes of the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Introduction to the PETM Modelling the PETM Modelling the Eocene – a model intercomparison and model-data comparison Sensitivity studies. Orientation…. Zachos et al, Nature, 2001.

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Eocene Climate Modelling, and the causes of the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

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  1. Eocene Climate Modelling, and the causes of the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) Introduction to the PETM Modelling the PETM Modelling the Eocene – a model intercomparison and model-data comparison Sensitivity studies

  2. Orientation… Zachos et al, Nature, 2001

  3. Zachos et al, Science, 2005

  4. Dunkley Jones et al, 2010

  5. Nunes and Norris, 2006

  6. Bice and Marotzke, 2004

  7. Eocene: (1) boundary conditions Palaeogeography + CO2 Topography Veg Zachos et al, Nature, 2008

  8. Winguth et al, 2010

  9. Lunt et al, Geology, 2010 Heinemann et al, Climate of the Past, 2009 Winguth et al, Journal of Climate, 2010 Huber et al, PPP, 2006 Roberts et al, EPSL, 2009 Panchuk et al, Geology, 2008

  10. Eocene: (2) MIP results

  11. 280 560 1120 2240 4480 ppmv

  12. Heinemann et al, 2009 What are the reasons for the differences…?

  13. Eocene FAMOUS Boundary conditions: 2 x CO2 0.4% decrease in solar constant palaeogeography uniform vegetation/soil everything else modern Initialised from previous simulation and then ran for 1000 years

  14. “Control” climate (after 1000 years)

  15. Perform 100 simulations for the Eocene, varying some key model parameters. • Do any of these simulations result in a good (i.e. warm pole) simulation? • What parameters most influence the warm climates? • Do any of the “warm pole” models correspond to good simulations of the modern too? • First step towards including Eocene in probabilistic predictions of climate sensitivity?

  16. Methodology • Select 10 poorly defined parameters • Select reasonable possible ranges for each parameter • Vary them together (using a latin-hypercube sampling method) • Clouds: • Threshold of relative humidity for cloud formation (RHcrit) • Precipitation ice fall out speed (VF1) • Conversion rate of cloud liquid water droplets to precipitation (CT) • Threshold value of cloud liquid water for formation of precip. (CW) • Convection : Convective roughness length over the sea (Z0FSEA) • Gravity wave parameters (WAVE) • Sea ice low albedo (ALPHAM) • Diffusion in ocean and atmosphere Range of values from literature (Murphy et al. 2004)

  17. Perturbed Physics Simulations • 100 simulations performed, each simulation set for 1000 years. • 59 simulations failed within 100 years! • 4 further simulations failed to complete 1000 years. • Hence only 37 simulations completed to 1000 years. • Of these, 19 failed to complete 4000 years • But 18 have completed 10,000 years

  18. Range of Global Mean Temperatures “Good” present day models give: 3 models 24-26C 2 models 26-28C 2 models 31-34C FAMOUS Control

  19. Sensitivity to boundary condition uncertainties:Effects of Open Arctic: DJF Change in climate due to opening Arctic connections to rest of ocean JJA ANN

  20. Sensitivity to Orbital Parameters Change in surface air temperature due to orbital parameter changes Orbital parameters similar to 9kyr BP Obliquity = 25.5o (c.f. 23.5o)

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