GEOGLAM – Data Issues from WMO Perspective

1. GEOGLAM – Data Issues from WMO Perspective Robert Stefanski Chief, Agricultural Meteorology Division Climate and Water Department

2. WMO Technical Commissions • Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) • Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) • Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) • Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) • Commission for Climatology (CCl) • Commission for Hydrology (CHy) • Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) • Joint WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM)

3. World Meteorological Organization • United Nations agency for weather, climate, hydrology and water resources and related environmental issues. • 189 Members from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) • 10 major scientific & technical programmes (Secretariat) • 8 Technical Commissions advise & guide activities of programmes (Experts) • 6 Regional Associations involved in implementation

4. Commission for Agricultural Meteorology • Applications of meteorology to agricultural cropping systems, forestry, fisheries, and agricultural land use and livestock management • Development of agromet services of Members by transfer of knowledge and methodology and by providing advice on various subjects; • Methods, procedures and techniques for the provision of meteorological services to agriculture (all sectors); • Formulation of data requirements for agricultural purposes; • Introduction of effective methods for disseminating agromet information, advice and warnings to agriculture by mass media; • Meteorological aspects of drought and desertification.

5. WMO Data Policies • Resolution 25 and 40 • WMO Information System (WIS)

6. Resolution 40 • REMINDS Members of their obligations under Article 2 of the WMO Convention to facilitate worldwide cooperation in the establishment of observing networks and to promote the exchange of meteorological and related information; and of the need to ensure stable ongoing commitment of resources to meet this obligation in the common interest of all nations; • ADOPTS the following policy on the international exchange of meteorological and related data and products: • As a fundamental principle of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and in consonance with the expanding requirements for its scientific and technical expertise, WMO commits itself to broadening and enhancing the free and unrestrictedinternational exchange of meteorological and related data and products; • “Free and unrestricted” means non-discriminatory and without charge. “Without charge”, in the context of this resolution, means at no more than the cost of reproduction and delivery, without charge for the data and products themselves.

7. Resolution 40 • ADOPTS the following practice on the international exchange of meteorological and related data and products: • (1) Members shall provide on a free and unrestricted basis essential data and products which are necessary for the provision of services in support of the protection of life and property and the well-being of all nations, particularly those basic data and products, as, at a minimum, described in Annex 1 to this resolution, required to describe and forecast accurately weather and climate, and support WMO Programmes; • (2) Members should also provide the additional data and products which are required to sustain WMO Programmes at the global, regional, and national levels and, further, as agreed, to assist other Members in the provision of meteorological services in their countries. While increasing the volume of data and products available to all Members by providing these additional data and products, it is understood that WMO Members may be justified in placing conditions on their reexport for commercial purposes outside of the receiving country or group of countries forming a single economic group, for reasons such as national laws or costs of production; • (3) Members should provide to the research and education communities, for their non-commercial activities, free and unrestricted access to all data and products exchanged under the auspices of WMO with the understanding that their commercial activities are subject to the same conditions identified in ADOPTS (2) above;

8. Current situation: GTS WWW GTS Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres Meteorological and R&D Satellite Operator Centres World Meteorological Centres National MeteorologicalCentres interconnects

9. Goals of WMO Information System (WIS) • GTS needs to be open to all WMO activities to provide time critical information exchange • Internet should be a part of WIS to allow support of less critical requirements • The continuous improvement and adaptation of new technologies in the GTS should be maintained. • The WIS should be open to more than just WMO programs allowing partners to participate • Need seamless discovery, access and retrieval (DAR) across all WMO systems, including collaborators and partners.

10. WMO Information System (WIS) DCPC NC NC NC/ DCPC Managed, Regional and Internet NC NC/DCPC Communication Networks NC GISC NC GISC GISC NC DCPC DCPC GISC GISC Satellite Dissemination NC NC SatelliteTwo-Way System NC NC On-demand“pull” World Radiation Centre Regional Instrument Centres International Organizations (IAEA, CTBTO, UNEP, FAO.. ) 5 GAW World Data Centres GCOS Data Centres Global Run-off Data Centre IRI and other climate research institutes Universities Regional Climate Centres Commercial Service Providers Internet WMO World Data Centres Real-time “push” National Centres (NC) Global Information System Centres (GISC) Data Collection and Production Centres (DCPC) Data communication network

11. National Agrometeorological Station Network (NASNET) • 60th session of the WMO Executive Council adopted Resolution 6 on “Establishment of National Agrometeorological Station Network (NASNET)” based on CAgM recommendations. • “Agrometeorological stations, whether maintained by the NMHSs or universities or national, regional and international institutes engaged in agricultural research …. To bring all the stations being operated by the different entities under one common umbrella in coordination with the implementation of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System.”

12. www.wamis.org

13. WAMIS - Future Directions Improve access and operation of online bulletins Improve Agrometeorological bulletins for members Online Applications Training Modules Partnership with Regional Projects (CAMI, RANET) 13

14. Feedback NWP & Agricultural Applications Dissemination User Interaction NWP Output Crop / Pest / Disease Models Downscaling Product Generation 14

15. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Applications • Irrigation – scheduling • Crop Pest and disease forecasting • Drought Prediction (up to two weeks) • Statistical Downscaling of NWP • Animal pest and disease forecasting • Crop Production forecasting • Forest Fire Danger Rating & Fire Behaviour

16. COSMO-2, a very high-resolution (2 km), limited area, short-range forecasting system COSMO-2 COSMO-7 COSMO (COnsortium for Small scale MOdelling) COSMO (2008) 16

17. Operational COSMO products • Surface and screen level temperature; • Dew point and relative humidity at screen level; • Total precipitation (rain and snow) & fraction of snow; • wind direction and speed and wind gust at 10 m; • surface pressure and 3 hours pressure tendency; • cloud cover (total, high, mid-level, low), • global radiation (hourly averages) • 3 hour sums of evaporation; • vertical profiles of temperature, dew point and wind at the locations of SYNOP radiosoundings, and • height of the zero degree line. 17

18. Operational COSMO products 2 Specialized products are available that include among others: • Water content of the soil layers; • Net radiation at (shortwave/longwave) and albedo of the surface; • Photosynthetically active radiation at the surface; • Sensible and latent heat fluxes at the surface; • Stratiform and convective rain, as well stratiform and convective snowfall; • Surface runoff and runoff within soil. 18

19. Short/medium term forecast Statistical Downscaling of Global Forecast System Timing:00 - 180Hrs Resolution:0.1° Spatial dimension :18W 49E/3N 28N Timing:00 - 180Hrs Resolution:1° Spatial dimension:Global 19

20. Seven Day Fire Danger Forecast 20

21. Europe Fire Danger Forecast • MeteoFrance • Spatial resolution 0.5˚ (~ 50 km) • Forecast up to 3 days • DWD • Medium resolution map • - Spatial resolution 0.36˚ (~ 35 km) • - Forecast up to 7 days • High resolution map • - Spatial resolution 0.0625˚ (~ 7 km) • - Forecast up to 3 days • ECMWF ensemble forecast under consideration http://effis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/current-situation 21

22. Data requirements SPI maps • Global gridded data sets • Global station data sets - Local calculation/distribution - > close collaboration with NHMSs

23. Data requirements Monitoring of agricultural drought – in addition to SPI - Potential evapotranspiration (ETP) • Departure of ETP from normal? • Affected crops – conditions, growth stages • Soil moisture (measurement/simulation/departure from normals)

24. Application of NWP for drought monitoring Reanalysis Set of global analyses describing the state of the atmosphere and land and ocean wave conditions. Available sets at ECMWF ERA-40 - 1957 - 2002 ERA – Interim - 1989 – present see: http://www.ecmwf.int/research/era/do/get/index Example left: Monthly mean of 2m temperature for August 2002

25. Proposal for GEOGLAM GEO-GLAM funds be used for regional FEWSNET/WMO/GEO meeting on data issues. Meetings would involve National Met Services and FEWSNET staff on how important weather data is to FEWSNET process & persuade them to start reporting more stations. Goal of the meetings to have countries supply their supplementary weather data station observations directly to the GTS or at least to FEWSNET for their blended or gridded products.  25

26. Thank You rstefanski@wmo.int www.wmo.int/agm