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Mental Illness

Mental Illness. HSP3M. A Beautiful Mind. Discussion Challenges/obstacles created by Nash’s illness? Why did he go off his meds? Assignment: Type up the questions and the answers to the handout questions Due: Wednesday. Homework from p. 100. Questions #1:

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Mental Illness

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  1. Mental Illness HSP3M

  2. A Beautiful Mind • Discussion • Challenges/obstacles created by Nash’s illness? • Why did he go off his meds? • Assignment: Type up the questions and the answers to the handout questions • Due: Wednesday

  3. Homework from p. 100 • Questions #1: • A) Characteristics of Abnormal Behaviour • Irrational • Personal suffering/personal unhappiness • Interpersonal maladjustment/inability to function in society • B) Why is abnormal behaviour alone not enough to indicate mental health/illness • What defines “normal”? • “It’s no measure of health to be well-adjusted to a profoundly sick society”

  4. Homework from p. 100 • Question #2: Important developments in how mental illness is viewed and treated? • Middle ages: Mental illness caused by evil spirits • Exorcism, execution • 18th-20th century: asylums • 20th century saw real efforts to treat mental illness • Psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, medication

  5. Homework from p. 100 • Question #3: Why were Philippe Pinel’s reforms the beginning of the modern era regarding the treatment of mental illness? • Patients no longer in chains • Freedom to move • Better efforts to treat the illness

  6. Treating Mental Illness • Psychotherapy • Ex: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (modifying patterns of thought/behaviour), Psychoanalysis • Medication • Antidepressants, Mood stabilizers, Antipsychotics • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) • Psychosurgery • Others: Music therapy, diet, peer support

  7. Psychosurgery • 1890 German researcher removes portions of his dog’s frontal lobes • Result: Dogs calmer, less aggressive • Swiss mental institution lobotomizes 6 schizophrenics • Result: some are calmer, two die • Portugese researcher develops technique where two holes are drilled on either side of the forehead, surgical knives inserted to sever prefrontal cortex from rest of brain

  8. The “Lobotomy” • American physicians Walter Freeman and James Watts did thousands of lobotomies from 1936 onwards • The “icepick lobotomy” • Used to treat depression, psychosis, neurosis, criminality • Frontal lobes control higher functions (planning, judgement, foresight, empathy, concentration, creativity, etc.)

  9. ECT • See article • According to psychiatrists, when is ECT helpful? • What are some of Hugh Tapping’s complaints about ECT? • According to the Canadian Psychiatric Association, what are six adverse (negative) effects of ECT?

  10. More on mental illness • What would have happened to John Nash without adequate support from family and colleagues?

  11. More on mental illness • About 66% of homeless persons have a diagnosed mental illness • Almost every homeless person who has a mental illness also has had a diagnosed substance abuse disorder

  12. Categories of Mental Illness • Complete handout using textbook

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