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DNA Replication

DNA Replication. How does DNA copy itself when a new cell needs to be made?. DNA Replication replicate means “to copy” replicación del ADN replicar medios "para copiar“ DNA Replication nhân rộng các phương tiện "để sao chép". 3’. Parental DNA Molecule. 5’. Replication Fork. 3’. 5’.

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DNA Replication

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  1. DNA Replication

  2. How does DNA copy itself when a new cell needs to be made? DNA Replication replicate means “to copy” replicación del ADN replicar medios "para copiar“ DNA Replication nhân rộng các phương tiện "để sao chép"

  3. 3’ Parental DNA Molecule 5’ Replication Fork 3’ 5’ DNA Replicationla replicación del ANDsaochépDNA Replication Forks: hundreds of Y-shaped regions of replicating DNA molecules where new strands are growing. Horquillas de replicación: cientos de Y-forma regiones de la replicación de las moléculas de ADN donde las nuevas hebras están creciendo. Forks Replication: hàng trăm Y-hình khu vực tái tạo các phân tử DNA nơi sợi mới đang phát triển.

  4. Replication Bubbles: a. Hundreds of replicating bubbles (Eukaryotes). b. Single replication fork (bacteria). Burbujas de replicación: a. Cientos de burbujas de replicación (eucariotas). b. Tenedor de replicación Individual (bacterias). Replication Bubbles: a. Hàng trăm bong bóng sao chép (Eukaryote). b. Độc thân nhân rộng ngã ba (vi khuẩn). Bubbles Bubbles

  5. Strand Separation: 1. Helicase: enzyme which catalyze the unwinding and separation (breaking H-Bonds) of the parental double helix. 2. Single-Strand Binding Proteins: proteins which attach and help keep the separated strands apart. Separación Strand: 1. Helicase: enzima que catalizan el desenrollado y la separación (romper H- Bonds) de la doble hélice parental. 2. Single-StrandBinding Proteínas: las proteínas que se unen y ayudan a mantener las hebras separadas aparte. Tách Strand: 1. helicase: enzyme xúc tác cho sự thư giãn và tách (chia H- trái phiếu) của cha mẹ xoắn kép. 2. Single-Strand Binding Protein: protein đính kèm và giúp giữ các sợi tách ra ngoài.

  6. Strand Separation: 3. Topoisomerase: enzyme which relieves stresson theDNA moleculeby allowing free rotation around a single strand. Enzyme Enzyme DNA

  7. Priming: 1. RNA primers: before new DNA strands can form, there must be small pre-existing primers (RNA)present to start the addition of new nucleotides (DNA Polymerase). 2. Primase: enzyme that polymerizes (synthesizes) the RNA Primer.

  8. Synthesis of the new DNA Strands: 1. DNA Polymerase: with a RNA primer in place, DNA Polymerase (enzyme) catalyze the synthesis of a new DNA strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction. 5’ 3’ 5’ RNA Primer DNA Polymerase Nucleotide

  9. 2. Leading Strand: synthesized as a single polymerin the 5’ to 3’ direction. 5’ 3’ 5’ RNA Primer DNA Polymerase Nucleotides

  10. Leading Strand 5’ 3’ 3’ 5’ DNA Polymerase RNA Primer 5’ 3’ 5’ 3’ Lagging Strand 3. Lagging Strand: also synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction, but discontinuously against overall direction of replication.

  11. 4. Okazaki Fragments: series of short segments on the lagging strand. DNA Polymerase Okazaki Fragment RNA Primer 5’ 3’ 5’ 3’ Lagging Strand

  12. 5. DNA ligase: a linking enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond from the 3’ to 5’ end of joining stands. Example: joining two Okazaki fragments together. DNA ligase Okazaki Fragment 1 Okazaki Fragment 2 5’ 3’ 3’ 5’ Lagging Strand

  13. Question: • What would be the complementary DNA strand for the following DNA sequence? DNA 5’-GCGTATG-3’

  14. Answer: DNA 5’-GCGTATG-3’ DNA 3’-CGCATAC-5’

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