1 / 19

Vertebral Column

Vertebral Column. Axial skeleton Functions Supports trunk Carries skull Protects spinal cord Movements Flexion Extension Lateral flexion Shape – limits movement. 33 vertebrae 24 separate, mobile 9 immobile No. of vertebrae Cervical = 7 Thoracic = 12 Lumbar = 5 Sacral =5

aviva
Download Presentation

Vertebral Column

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Vertebral Column • Axial skeleton • Functions • Supports trunk • Carries skull • Protects spinal cord • Movements • Flexion • Extension • Lateral flexion • Shape – limits movement

  2. 33 vertebrae • 24 separate, mobile • 9 immobile • No. of vertebrae • Cervical = 7 • Thoracic = 12 • Lumbar = 5 • Sacral =5 • Coxygeal =4

  3. Function of v/c • Resilience (spring) • Primary curves • Enlarge pelvic cavity • Enlarge thoracic cavity • Secondary curves • Brings head & trunk in vertical line of gravity (erect position e.g. standing, sitting)

  4. Lateral view • Adult = Four curves • Foetus = 1 • Primary Curves • Concaved anteriorly • Thoracic • Coccygeal • Secondary Curves • Convexed anteriorly • Cervical • Lumbar • Primary & secondary curves ascribe to shape of vertebral bodies & i/v discs • The i/v discs become thinner with age • Result is more primary curves • Stooped posture

  5. Abnormal Curves • Thoracic kyphosis • Primary • Lumbar lordosis • Secondary • Scoliosis • Lateral curvature • Wedge-shaped vertebrae • hemivertebrae

  6. Abnormal Curves • Kyphosis • Abn post convexity • Usually thoracic region • Scoliosis • Convexity to one side • Asymmetric muscle weakness • Abn vertebrae • Lordosis • Convex ant curve • Lumbar region p130

  7. BLOCK 14 CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

  8. General Structure of a Vertebra • Vertebral body • Anterior • Concave superior surface • Concave inferior surface • i/v discs • Weightbearing • Larger & stronger from superior to inferior • Compact bone • Spongy bone • Neural (vertebral arch) • Forms vertebral foramen • A few of the latter forms vertebral canal • Latter houses the spinal cord + meninges • 2 pedicles • 2 Laminae • Notches • Superior vertebral notch • Inferior vertebral notch • 2 vertebral notches form intervertebral foramen

  9. Projections from the vertebral arch • Spinous process • Single • Posteriorly • For muscle attachment • Transverse process • Double • Laterally • For muscle attachment • Articular facets • Superior • Inferior • laterally

  10. Regional CharacteristicsCervical Vertebrae • Shape • Small, oval • Superior border • Lateral free standing lips • Vertebral foramina • Large • Spinous process • Posterior • Horizontal • Bifid • Transverse process • Transverse foramen • Vertebral artery • Articular facets • Lower facets face down & ant • Movements • Considerable • Flexion, extension, rotation • Joints • Less stable • Dislocations common

  11. Typical Cervical Vertebrae • Foramen transversarium in transverse processes • For vertebral artery (C1-C6) • Bifid spinous process • Large vertebral foramen • Triangular • For cervical enlargement of spinal cord • Bodies smaller & wider from side to side

  12. Atypical Cervical Vertebrae • C1 • Circular • No body • No spinous process • Articular facets for condyles of skull • C2 • Dens / odontoid process • C6 • Anterior tubercle of transverse process, the carotid tubercle, is large • C7 • Vertebra prominens • Long spinous process • Can be palpated

  13. C1 or ATLAS • Articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull and C2 (or the axis) • The “yes joint” • Large transverse processes called “wings” • Lack of a spinous process

  14. C2 or AXIS • The “no joint” • Broad, narrow spinous process • Dens (or odontoid process) is the body of the atlas (C1) – became detached

  15. The atlanto-axial joint • No intervertebral disc between C1 and C2 • Position of C2 spinous process in relation to C1 • Articulation of the dens (of C2) with C1

  16. Cervical Ligaments

  17. Radiographic Anatomy of the Cervical Spine

  18. Vertebral Numbers and Common Nomenclature • Cervical (7) : C1-C7 • Thoracic (12) : T1-T12 • Lumbar (5) : L1-L5 • Sacral (5) : S1-S5 (fused) • Coccygeal (5) : fused

  19. General Radiographic Considerations • Number • Alignment • Size • Shape • Radiopacity

More Related