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Comparative world religions

Comparative world religions. Vocabulary • 2019. Monotheism. The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god. Polytheism. Belief in worship of more than one god. Henotheism. Belief in one god without denying the existence of others. ATHEISM.

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Comparative world religions

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  1. Comparative world religions Vocabulary • 2019

  2. Monotheism • The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god.

  3. Polytheism • Belief in worship of more than one god

  4. Henotheism • Belief in one god without denying the existence of others.

  5. ATHEISM • Disbelief in or denial of the existence of God or gods.

  6. agnosticism • The belief that there can be no proof either that God exists or that God does not exist.

  7. BRANCH • A large and fundamental division within a religion.

  8. COSMOGONY • A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.

  9. Denomination • A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body.

  10. Fundamentalism • Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect.)

  11. Global Religion • Religion in which members are numerous and widespread and their doctrines might appeal to different people from any region of the globe.

  12. Tenet • An opinion, doctrine, or principle held as being true by a person or especially by an organization

  13. WEEK 3

  14. HINDUISM • The major Indian religious system which had its origins in the beliefs of the Aryans of India c. 1500 BC • The oldest living religion, 3 largest in the world

  15. BRAHMAN • The highest Universal Principle, the Ultimate Reality in the universe • It is the pervasive, genderless, infinite, eternal truth and bliss which does not change, yet is the cause of all changes.

  16. ATMAN • Hindu concept of the soul • Sanskrit word meaning inner self

  17. REINCARNATION • Belief that the soul, upon death of the body, comes back to earth in another body or form

  18. DHARMA • In Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma. • Requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society.

  19. KARMA • In Hinduism and Buddhism: the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation

  20. Caste SYSTEM • The strict social segregation of people - specifically in India's Hindu society - on the basic of ancestry and occupation

  21. Caste (VARNA) • The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law.

  22. BRAHMiN • A Hindu of the highest caste, most often a priest; a person believed to possess sacred knowledge and to be of the greatest purity. The holy or sacred power that is the source and sustainer of the universe.

  23. Kshatriya • a member of the second of the four great Hindu castes, the military caste. The traditional function of the Kshatriyas is to protect society by fighting in wartime and governing in peacetime.

  24. Vaishya • a member of the third of the four Hindu castes, comprising the merchants and farmers.

  25. Shudra • a member of the worker caste, lowest of the four Hindu castes

  26. UNTOUCHABLES • People within the Hindu religion that are deemed low in the caste-system; those who shouldn't even touch those in the upper castes of the religion

  27. SAMSARA • The cycle of life, death, and rebirth in which a person carries his or her own karma.

  28. MOKSHA • In Hinduism and Jainism, release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma. • The transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the cycle of rebirth.

  29. JUDAISM

  30. Judaism • The first major monotheistic religion, based upon a sense of ethnic identity, and its adherents tend to form tight-knit communities wherever they live

  31. covenant • In Judaism; an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return

  32. Torah • Sacred text of Judaism. • the body of wisdom and law contained in Jewish Scripture and other sacred literature and oral tradition • the first five books of the Tanakh

  33. Talmud • The collection of ancient Rabbinic writings consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara, constituting the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism.

  34. Synagogue • A Jewish house of worship. The Jewish equivalent of a church, mosque, or temple.

  35. prophet • A person who speaks by divine inspiration or as the interpreter through whom the will of a god is expressed.

  36. diaspora • Literally, “the scattering of seeds.” • The dispersion of Jews among the Gentiles (non Jews) after the Babylonian Exile in 586 BC. • The dispersion of the Jews from Israel c. AD 70 after fleeing from Roman persecution.

  37. MESSIAH • The promised deliverer of the Jewish nation, prophesied in the old testament.

  38. Sephardim • One of the two main ethnic groups within Jewish culture. This branch settled in Northern Africa and later in the Iberian Peninsula after having been driven away from Jerusalem early in the first millennium A.D.

  39. ashkenazism • One of the two main ethnic groups within Jewish culture. This branch eventually settled in Central Europe after having been driven out of Jerusalem early in the first millenium A.D.

  40. Anti-semitism • Discrimination against Jews.

  41. Blaspheme • To speak of (God or a sacred entity) in an irreverent, impious manner.

  42. BAR mitzvah / bat mitzvah • A 13-year-old Jewish boy, considered an adult and responsible for his moral and religious duties. • In Conservative and Reform Judaism, a Jewish girl of 12 to 14 years of age, considered an adult and responsible for her moral and religious duties.

  43. Jainism

  44. DOGMA • A doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an authoritative manner by a church.

  45. Sect • A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

  46. Jainism • A dualistic religion founded in the 6th century B.C. as a revolt against current Hinduism and emphasizing the perfectibility of human nature and liberation of the soul, especially through asceticism and nonviolence toward all living creatures

  47. Ahimsa • Sanskrit word meaning “not to injure” or “compassion.” A key virtue in multiple Indian religions including, Hinduism and especially Jainism.

  48. BUDDHISM • System of belief that seeks to explain ultimate realities for all people, such as the nature of suffering and the path toward self-realization

  49. 4 Noble Truths The basic doctrine of Buddhism stating that: • All life is suffering • Suffering is caused by desire • To rid one’s self of suffering, one must rid one’s self of desire • To rid one’s self of desire, follow the 8-fold path to enlightenment

  50. 8-Fold Path to Enlightenment Right Understanding, Right Intent, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration. • The way prescribed by Buddha to live a holistic life of self-discipline by which one can reach enlightenment and realize nirvana.

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