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Non-Conventional Energy Sources

Non-Conventional Energy Sources. Environmental Aspect of Energy. Degradation of Air, Water and Soil Main reasons Energy generation and its utilisation Conversion losses, by products Trade-off has to be established between energy and environment. Environmental Aspect of Energy. Ecology

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Non-Conventional Energy Sources

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  1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  2. Environmental Aspect of Energy • Degradation of Air, Water and Soil Main reasons • Energy generation and its utilisation • Conversion losses, by products Trade-off has to be established between energy and environment. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  3. Environmental Aspect of Energy • Ecology • Greenhouse effect • Consequences of global warming • Pollution - Indoor -Outdoor Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  4. Energy-Economy-Energy and Sustainable Development The strategy for mitigating three Es issues is – Sustainable economic development. Herman Daly: Ecological economist • The consumption rate of renewable resources is not higher than its recovery rate. • The consumption rate of non-renewable resources is not higher than the rate of increase in renewable resource supply. • The emission of pollutants is within the absorption capacity of the environment. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  5. World energy status • In 2008 the annual primary energy consumption of the world is 500 exajoules or 138.8 x 10 to the power 12 KWH or 1.5 x 10 to the power 7 MW. • Fossil power provides 90 % of total. • 25 % (approx.) of this energy used in transportation • 75% in industries, domestic, agriculture and social consumers. • Growth forecast: 2.2 % during 2004-2030. • 70% of this will come from developing countries. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  6. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Conventional Resources • Fossil fuels North America: 19.81% Russia: 23.77% Middle East: 17.88% China: 8.57% Australia and East Asia: 7.71% India: 6.85% Africa: 6.75% Europe: 5.03% Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  7. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends • Hydro Resources: 7,78,038 MW or 20 % of total electric power generation capacity. • Industrialized countries: 66% • Developing countries: 34% China: 1,00,000 MW USA: 77,350 MW Canada: 71,978 MW Brazil : 71,060 MW Russia: 45,000 MW • Norway derives 90% of total power from hydro resources. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  8. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends • Nuclear Resources(2008): 439 plants, 371,989 MW or 16 % of world’s electricity. • France produces 78% of total power from this. • EU around 30% of total electricity. • By 2050 AD FBR will be the main source of power • By 2500 AD , Nuclear Fusion will be main source of power Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  9. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Non-Conventional Sources • Solar Energy: earth continuously intercepts solar power of 178 billion MW, which is 10,000 times more than world’s demand. • Solar PV is expensive at present • Capital cost is Rs.20 crore/MW while that of thermal plant is Rs.4 crore/MW Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  10. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Non-Conventional Sources • Wind energy( 1.6 x 10 to the power 7 MW) • Cheapest renewable energy source at present. • Installation cost Rs.4 crore/MW • World wide installation: 94,100 MW or 1 % of total electricity generated. • 19% of total electricity in Denmark. • Germany is the world leader: 22,247 MW Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  11. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Non-Conventional Sources • Biomass energy • Trees( wood, leaves and forest industry wastes) • Cultivated plants grown for energy • Algae and other vegetations from oceans and lakes • Urban wastes ( municipal and industrial wastes) • Rural wastes ( agricultural and animal wastes, crop residues, etc ) Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  12. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  13. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Non-Conventional Sources • Geothermal energy( 2005) 8,932 MW electrical power and 28,266 MW of direct thermal energy use. • Growth 3% for electricity and 7.5% for thermal use • Hawai produces 25 % total electricity from this • Oldest plant at Lordarello in Italy(460 MW) Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  14. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  15. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Non-Conventional Sources • Ocean tidal energy The first and biggest plant at the mouth of La Rance River in France ( 240 MW) More predictable than solar and wind energy Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  16. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Non-Conventional Sources • Ocean wave energy -First and biggest plant is at Portugal (2250 MW) -50 KW per meter of shoreline potential - 50,000 MW potential Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  17. World energy status:Availability of resources and future trends Non-Conventional Sources • Ocean thermal energy conversion • Potential is more than that of tidal or wave energy. • Is in infant stage. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  18. Energy Scenario in India • Per capita energy consumption in India is 702 KWH while that of world average is 2600 KWH (2007) • Sector wise energy consumption Industry 49% Transport 22% Residential 10% Agriculture 5% Others 14% Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  19. Energy Scenario in India • Electrical Power generation(2008) Thermal Coal 76648 MW 52.8 % Gas 14716 MW 10 % Diesel 1199 MW 0.8 % Nuclear 4120 MW 2.8 % Hydro 36033 MW 24.8 % Renewable 12194 MW 8.4 % Total1,44,910 MW Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  20. Energy Scenario in India Conventional Sources • Fossil fuel: 4th largest producer of coal. • Recoverable coal: 90 billion tonnes ( 10% of world reserve) • 0.6 % of oil & gas reserve • Oil & gas account for 40 % of total energy consumption • 35 % of oil is domestically produced. • Crude oil reserve will last for 22 years at present rate of consumption and natural gas will last 30 years. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  21. Energy Scenario in India Conventional Sources • Hydro Resources • potential capacity : 1,00,000 MW • Developed capacity: 36,033 MW • Seventh largest producer Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  22. Energy Scenario in India Conventional Sources • Nuclear Resources - 20,000 MW by 2020. - stage1,2,3 Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  23. Energy Scenario in India Non-Conventional Sources - potential : 1,00,000 MW - Share to become 10 % by 2012. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  24. Energy Scenario in India Non-Conventional Sources • Wind energy - Growth 35 % in last three years - Fourth position in the world( after Germany, USA and Spain) - Current installation: 8,696 MW - Target 10,000 MW by 2012 Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  25. Energy Scenario in India Non-Conventional Sources • Solar energy -India receives 5,000 trillion KWH per year solar energy. - daily global radiation is around 5 KWH per sq.m per day. -Use for heating and direct generation of electricity. Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  26. Energy Scenario in India Non-Conventional Sources • Biomass energy -Potential 16,881 MW from agro residues, 5,000 MW from bagasse through cogeneration and 2700 MW from urban wastes. - Bio-diesel Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  27. Energy Scenario in India Non-Conventional Sources • Small hydro resources( less than 25 MW) - total potential : 15,000 MW - Developed : 2,015 MW ( 611 plants) - Mini: less than 1 MW - Micro: less than 100 KW Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  28. Energy Scenario in India Non-Conventional Sources • Geothermal Energy - Potential : 10,000 MW - 340 hot springs have been identified. - 300 KW plant at Chattisgarh Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

  29. Energy Scenario in India Non-Conventional Sources • Ocean Tidal energy - Potential : 9,000 MW • Ocean wave and OTEC Resources - A 150 KW pilot plant in operation near Thiruvananthapuram. - Potential : 0.02 MW/m of wavefront. • Fuel Cell and Hydrogen energy Chinmay Das,ABIT,Cuttack

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