1 / 36

Ancient Nubia

Ancient Nubia. Which Nile culture developed first?. Egypt. Nubia. Nubia. However, Egypt developed more quickly!. Nubia. Located in present day Sudan; south of Egypt Called Kingdom of Kush. Nubia. Nubia was more fertile in ancient times Silt from flooding (Nile)

avari
Download Presentation

Ancient Nubia

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Ancient Nubia

  2. Which Nile culture developed first? Egypt Nubia

  3. Nubia However, Egypt developed more quickly!

  4. Nubia • Located in present day Sudan; south of Egypt • Called Kingdom of Kush

  5. Nubia • Nubia was more fertile in ancient times • Silt from flooding (Nile) • Rich in minerals – gold, copper, stone

  6. Nubian Civilization • Similar to Egypt • Farming developed about 3500 B.C. • Some farmers grew wealthy; became leaders

  7. Nubian Civilization • 2000 B.C. – leader united the region & became king • Kingdom – Kush • 1st capital – Kerma (south of 3rd cataract) – natural barrier

  8. Kushite society • Began evolving • Influenced by people in the south and Egypt in the North

  9. Nubia’s Wealth • Nubian kings gained wealth from trade • Nubians raised cattle and hunted for food because they lived in a rocky region

  10. Conflict Arises • Peaceful at times • Egypt / Nubia border shifted many times • Was influenced by Egypt because of close contact, but did develop its own culture • Kush grew wealthy and strong • Egyptians feared the growth of Kush

  11. During Egypt’s Old Kingdom, pharaohs often controlled Lower Nubia

  12. Egypt VS Nubia • Egypt sought to control the mines and trade in Nubia • In times of strong governments (pharaohs) in Egypt, Egypt pushed into Nubia; weak governments were driven out of Nubia

  13. Egypt VS Nubia • Egypt’s New Kingdom • 1500 B.C. - Thutmose I sent army to conquer Kush • Conquered Nubia north of 5th cataract • Destroyed Kerma • Nubians enslaved • Forced to make payments of gold • Built Egyptian temples

  14. Egyptian Control • Controlled Kush 450 years • Egyptians settled in Kush • Egyptian language • Egyptian names, clothing, religious practices

  15. King’s Sons of Kush • Pharaoh’s officials • Kept watch over local rulers • Sent sons of rulers to Egypt as hostages

  16. Egypt eventually retreated because of problems at home!

  17. Egypt’s New Kingdom Ends • Mid 1000s • Egypt’s pharaoh lost power • Kushite leaders regained control of Kush • Kush became independent once again • No history of Kush for next 200 years

  18. Kush Regains Power • 850 B.C. • Kushitesbuild new capital in Napata (south of Kerma)

  19. Kush Invades Egypt • 700s B.C. • King Kashta attacked Egypt • 751 B.C. – conquered Lower Egypt

  20. Kushite Rule • Piankhi (son of Kashta) – 751-716 B.C. • Continued to attack Egypt • Believed gods wanted him to rule Egypt – fueled passion for war • Controlled from Delta to Kushite capital

  21. Egypt under Nubian rule • Nubians allowed Egyptians to keep their own culture • Nubians helped to restore forgotten or lost parts of their culture

  22. Shabaka • Brother of Piankhi • Declared himself Pharaoh • Began 25th Dynasty • Believed they were heirs of great Egyptian pharaoh’s of the past

  23. Shabaka • Restored Egyptian culture and infrastructure • Tried to restore old traditions and cultural practices • Worked to restore Egyptian writing • Restored temples

  24. End of Nubian Rule • Nubians only ruled Egypt 40-60 years • 670s B.C. – Assyrians invaded Egypt • in 10 years Kushites had been back into Nubia

  25. Kushite Success • Became farmers and traders • Prosperous and powerful

  26. Kushite Iron Industry • Meroe – new capital and industrial center • Location on Nile aided growth • Large deposits of …. -gold -forests – ebony & other wood -iron ore

  27. Kushite Trade • Trade network – system of people in different lands who trade goods • Kush to Egyptians; Egyptians to Greeks; then to entire Mediterranean region and Red Sea ports

  28. Kush Exports and Imports • Exports – items sent to other places – gold, pottery, iron tools and weapons, slaves, ivory • Imports – goods brought in from other countries – fine jewelry and luxury items

  29. Cultural Diffusion • Trade led to combined cultures of Kushites and others • Most obvious – Egypt – borrowed many aspects of Egyptian culture

  30. Unique Kushite Culture • Houses • Daily life • Worshipped some of own gods • Own written language – Meroitic (we still can’t decode) • Different view on women

  31. Kushite Women • Expected to be active • Some rose to positions of power • Co-rulers • Queens • Queen Shankhdakheto – 1st woman to rule Kush (170 B.C. – 150 B.C.)

  32. Decline of Kush • Problems within the kingdom weakened the economy • Overgrazed the land (cattle); led to soil blown away by wind; less farming • Cut down too many trees to fuel furnaces; furnaces shut down; fewer weapons and tools to trade

  33. Decline of Kush • Weakened by loss of trade • Foreigners set up new trade routes that bypassed Kush • Aksum

  34. Aksum • Located on Red Sea • Present day Ethiopia and Eritrea • Grew wealthy quickly (200 years) • A.D. 350 Emperor Ezana took advantage of Kush’s loss of wealth and military power – destroyed Kushite capital (Meroe)

  35. Aksum • Late A. D. 300s Aksum became Christian • 200 years later converted Nubians • Influence of Kush disappeared

  36. Egypt and Nubia had lost their power and NEVER regained full strength!

More Related