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The Precipitation Ladder

Cloud Droplets and Raindrops. More in Lab 7 later todayBTW, GOES = Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. Cloud Droplets and Raindrops. Precipitation Ladder. Step 10: Growth

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The Precipitation Ladder

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    1. The Precipitation Ladder http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/elements/makerain.htm

    2. Cloud Droplets and Raindrops More in Lab 7 later today BTW, GOES = Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

    3. Cloud Droplets and Raindrops Precipitation Ladder

    4. Step 10: Growth – p. 90 Three ways to grow over 30 diameters from cloud droplet to raindrop Direct deposition – “accretion” Large fall faster and catch up with smaller drops – collide and “coalesce” “Supercooled” water = liquid water below freezing point (down to 40 oC) spontaneously migrates to nearby ice crystals ?Snowflakes! Complicated physics Bergeron process

    5. Raindrops, so many raindrops Link to the Weather Doctor

    6. Snowflake shapes – p. 96 Plates Stellars Columns Needles Spatial dendrites Capped columns Irregular crystals Not Snow: Graupel – Sleet - Hail

    9. Solid Precipitation other than snow Graupel(?), Sleet, Hail, Rime

    10. Graupel – p. 97 A soft granular mass of frozen cloud droplets

    11. Graupel – “soft hail”

    12. Graupel

    13. Graupel

    14. Sleet – p. 97 Frozen drizzle, with some complications

    15. Sleet

    16. Rime – p. 98 More of a “deposition” than precipitation Some kinds of it are called “hoar frost” Some purdy pilfered pitchers follow:

    17. Rime

    18. Rime

    19. Rime

    20. Rime

    21. Hail – p. 98 Formed in updrafts in large CB clouds Has multiple layers from partial melting and refreezing

    22. Hail in a CB

    23. Hail

    24. Hail

    25. Hail

    26. Hail

    27. Raindrops

    28. Raindrops Not tear-drop shaped Different classification by size Showers From cumulonimbus or cumulus congestus Up to 6 mm Rain From nimbostratus 1 – 2 mm Drizzle From stratus .1 - .5 mm, effectively soaking into ground Mist .05 - .8 mm, from stratus Oregon Mist or Scotch Mist

    29. Oregon Mist?

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