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19-07-2024

daily current affairs

avadhojha
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19-07-2024

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  1. DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS July20, 2024 ‘ Geography (Prelims) Two of the World’s Five Largest Coal Mines Now in India accounts for about 10% of India’s total Context coal production. Recently, a report published by Features of these Mines WorldAtlas.com stated that out of the five largest mines in the world, two ●Eco-Friendly Mining: Both these belong to India. mines have deployed the world’s largest and most advanced mining machines About such as the “Surface Miner” that extracts and cuts coal without blasting ●Chhattisgarh-based Coal India for eco-friendly mining operations. subsidiary South Eastern Coalfields ●State of Art Technology: These mines Limited’s (SECL) Gevra and Kusmunda also use state-of-the-art technology for coal mines have secured the 2nd and 4th Overburden Removal. It is the process spot in the list. of removing layers of soil, stone etc. to ●The list was published by expose the coal seam. WorldAtlas.com and contained the world’s 10 largest coal mines. ●These mines use some of the world’s ●Both of these mines are located in the largest HEMMs (Heavy Earth Moving Korba district of Chhattisgarh. Machinery) such as 240-ton dumpers, ●Both these mines produce more than and 42 cubic meters of Shovels along 100 million tons of coal annually. It

  2. Vertical Rippers for environment- country’s energy requirements for the next 10 years. friendly and blast-free Overburden removal. Kusmunda OC Mine Gevra Opencast Mine ●It produced more than 50 million tons of ●It has an annual production capacity of 70 coal in FY 23-24. ●It is only the second mine in India after million tons and produced 59 million tons of coal in FY 23-24. It is the 2nd largest Gevra to achieve this feat. It is 4th largest coal mine in the world. coal mine in the world. ●It started operations in the year 1981 and it Source: Press Information Bureau has enough coal reserves to meet the Environment (Prelims) Miyawaki Forests About ●The Lieutenant Governor of Delhi has announced that Layered plantations, Miyawaki forests, and aquatic forests are different methods of afforestation that should be adopted in Delhi to Context increase the utility of land. ●He has set a target of planting 67 lakh To increase greenery in India, the trees and shrubs in 2024-25. Lieutenant Governor of Delhi has introduced a plan that emphasizes on Miyawaki Method Miyawaki Method. ●This method was developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki. It involves

  3. planting two to four different types of biodiversity where every organism has a indigenous trees within every square role to play. meter. It aims to create dense forests with ●Birds control pests, insects pollinate native plants in urban areas. plants, and beneficial fungi keep the trees ●Miyawaki forests grow 10 times faster, healthy. are 30 times denser and contain 100 times more biodiversity as compared to Layered Plantations conventional methods of afforestation. It is the process of growing more than one Methodology tree on the same piece of land at the same time, sometimes with different trees on top ●This method mimics the way a forest forming the canopy and sometimes with would recolonise itself if humans different trees in the soil below. These stepped away. plantations form a layer, hence called layered ●Native species are introduced in the plantations. given area that would occur naturally in that area without human interference. Source: The Indian Express ●This method utilizes a small plot of land in an urban area containing complete Economy (Mains) Electronics Sector in India About Context Recently, NITI Aayog released a report to boost the electronic sector in India.

  4. ●These tariffs make Indian-manufactured In a recent report, the NITI Aayog has recommended a number of measures. It will electronics items 5-6 per cent more costly help India’s electronics sector to grow from than global counterparts making them $100 billion to $500 billion by 2030. The less competitive in the international report was titled “Electronics: Powering market. ●Hence, India needs to simplify and India’s Participation in Global Value streamline the tariff structure to unlock Chains” Highlights of the Report India’s export potential in the High Tariffs electronics sector. The report highlights the issue of high tariffs Reforms Suggested by the Report on electronic components and states that The report has suggested following reforms these tariffs are hindering India’s ability to to boost up the electronics manufacturing scale up electronics exports and compete sector in India. These are: globally. Scaling Manufacturing ●The report has highlighted the need for Import-Dependency ●The report states that India is still Operational Expenditure (OPEx) support import-dependent on numerous for scaling the manufacturing of electronic components. components that are less complex and ●These components are used in the require low Capital Expenditure. ●It has also recommended hybrid support manufacturing of mobile phones and other electronics such as for complex electronic manufacturing i.e. supporting a manufacturer with both microprocessors, GPUs, ancillary chips, and power management chips. operational expenditure and capital expenditure. Less Competitive in the International Market Fiscal Support ●India’s tariffs on relevant electronics are around 7.5 per cent, which is higher than The report also proposes fiscal support to China (4 per cent), Malaysia (3.5 per design-focused Indian companies to scale cent), and Mexico (2.7 per cent).

  5. ●The Electronics System Design & up the manufacturing of components and products that are designed in India. Manufacturing (ESDM) industry includes electronic hardware products Development of Industrial Clusters and components relating to information technology (IT), office automation, ●The report has also highlighted to telecom, consumer electronics, aviation, development of electronics industrial aerospace, defence, solar photovoltaic, clusters. It has recommended the nanoelectronics and medical electronics. development of four large Greenfield ●The industry also includes design- industrial clusters and six Brownfield related activities such as product clusters designing, chip designing, Very Large- ●The report has underlined the fact that Scale Integration (VLSI), board Electronics Manufacturing Clusters designing and embedded systems. (EMCs) in their current shape are not ●India emerged as the second-largest attractive for Small and Medium manufacturer of mobile phones in the Enterprises and large investors, world, with a production value of mobile ●Hence, there is a need to evaluate the devices reaching US$ 49.16 billion in existing EMCs on lines of utilisation, 2024. implementation problems, and the state ●India and Taiwan plan a US$ 7.5 billion of facilities provided to them. chip plant deal, which will help in State of Electronic Sector in India boosting India’s semiconductor manufacturing with anticipated tariff reductions on components. Government Initiatives ●The central government approved a massive Rs. 1.26 trillion (US$ 15.2 billion) investment in three semiconductor plants.

  6. ●Production-linked scheme (PLI) for ●To protect the domestic electronics sector large-scale electronics manufacturing the government amended the foreign (including mobiles) has seen investments direct investment (FDI) policy which stated that entities from countries worth Rs. 6,887 crore (US$ 833 million) (till June 2023), already surpassing the bordering India or with beneficial owners target for FY24 which was Rs. 5,488 from such countries can only invest in crore (US$ 664.4 million). India via the government route. ●The government also announced a Conclusion “Scheme for Promotion of India is one of the largest consumers of Semiconductor Eco-System” in India electronics goods in the world but also a net with a massive outlay of Rs. 76,000 crore importer of electronics goods and (US$ 9.48 billion) in 2022. components. Despite several schemes such as PLI and the setting up of electronic industry Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy clusters, India has not yet been able to feed ●The government allows 100% FDI in its Domestic market and is far away from this sector through an automatic route ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. Hence, to realize the to attract investments, including original aim of ‘Make in India’ and grow the equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and electronics sector to reach $500 billion by integrated device manufacturers (IDMs). 2030, the government must adhere to the recommendations of the NITI Aayog Report.

  7. QUESTION 2. Consider the following statements 1. Discuss the state of the Electronics with respect to the Miyawaki Method: industry in India. What are the steps that need to be taken to boost this sector? 1) Both native and non-native plants are used in this method. 1. Consider the following statements with reference to a recent report by 2) It has recently become popular WorldAtlas.com; method in growing forests in Urban Areas. 1) India has two coal mines among the top five largest mines in the world. 3) It uses fertilizers, seeds and day-to- day interference of human beings for 2) Both of the mines are located in the proper growth. state of Odisha. Which of the following statements 3) Both of these mines are not is/are Correct? operational and are yet to be opened for mining operations. A. One Only Which of the following statements B. Two Only is/are Correct? C. All Three A. One Only D. None B. Two Only Answer: A C. All Three 3. Consider the following statements D. None with respect to Electronics Sector in India Answer: A

  8. 1) India emerged as the second-largest Which of the following statements manufacturer of mobile phones in the is/are Correct? world in 2024. A. One Only 2) The government allows 60 % FDI in B. Two Only this sector through an automatic route. C. All Three 3) India does not allow FDI from countries bordering India in the D. None electronics sector through automatic Answer: B routes.

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