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Afghanistan's Turbulent History: Invasions, Struggles, and Resilience

Afghanistan, a land marked by multiple invasions, from Alexander the Great to Genghis Khan to the British and Soviets. Its history intertwines with fundamentalist Islam, the Mujahideen, and the Taliban. This diverse nation of tribes and ethnic groups has faced relentless conflict, shaping its identity and future.

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Afghanistan's Turbulent History: Invasions, Struggles, and Resilience

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  1. Afghanistan A Brief History

  2. History • Has been invaded many times: • Persians from (modern day) Iran • 327 BC 150BC: Alexander the Great • Kushans 0 AD  700 AD • ~ 700 AD: Muslims (Sunni) take over • 1220: Genghis Khan • 1505: Mogul Dynasty • 1738: Persians • 1838-1842: The British try to take over • 1878-1880: They try again • 1979 - 1989: Russia invades

  3. Effect of Invasions • Diverse population of 29 million people • Dozens of ethnic groups • Hundreds of tribes • Many Afghans identify with their tribe first • Then their ethnic group • Few major cities • Most scattered though out small villages/ hamlets • Very difficult to bring together under one government

  4. Recent History of Fundamentalist Islam in Afghanistan • 1979 The Soviet Union Invades • 10 years of fighting • A worldwide call goes out to declare Jihad (struggle) • Muslims across the world rush to remove the invaders of a Muslim nation • They form the Mujahideen

  5. Mujahideen • An army of Muslim fighters of Jihad defending Islam • Made up of Muslims from around the world (including Osama Bin Laden) • Assisted by the United State’s CIA to remove the Soviet Union ($, weapons, training)

  6. 1989: The Soviets Retreat • The United States then removes aid • Leaves a gap for who is going to run the country • The Mujahideen break up into groups fighting for control • The Civil War rips apart the country even more than the Soviet Invasion • 1996: The Taliban take control of Afghanistan

  7. The Taliban • Fundamentalist Islamic group who believes that the religion of Islam should be the government • Began during the Civil War as a group to fight road thieves. • Brutal fighters • They bring order to Afghanistan through strict religious rules • Most Afghans welcome the end of the wars at first.

  8. Taliban Law • Shiria (Islamic) Laws…No: • Education or sports for women • TV • Movies • Videos • Music • Dancing • Clapping during sports events • Kite flying • Beard trimming

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