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CHY 4U1

CHY 4U1. Introduction to World History. Setting the Stage…. 1000-1500 The High Middle Ages Institutions based on Germanic and Roman traditions Feudalism Rule of the Christian Church. Feudalism At A Glance.

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CHY 4U1

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  1. CHY 4U1 Introduction to World History

  2. Setting the Stage… 1000-1500 The High Middle Ages • Institutions based on Germanic and Roman traditions • Feudalism • Rule of the Christian Church

  3. Feudalism At A Glance Political system of local government based on granting of land in return for loyalty, military assistance, and other services.

  4. The Crusades • Expeditions from the Christians to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims (Seljuq Turks) • The Turks went to attack Asia Minor (part of the Byzantine Empire) • Byzantine Empire called on Rome for assistance.

  5. The Crusaders The crusaders were known as the cruciata, meaning “marked with the a cross”

  6. The First Crusade • 1096-1099 • French and Italian lords led armies to Constantinople • Heat was a major setback for the crusaders. They also lacked food and water. • Despite difficulties, the crusaders managed to capture Antioch. • They then marched towards Palestine, and after a series of vicious battles managed to capture Jerusalem. • After the bloodshed, much of the Holy Land was brought under European control. • Feudalism was introduced by the Europeans.

  7. Major Crusades • For nearly 100 years the European Christians held onto Palestine-the Turks continued to win back their lost land-which resulted in a series of crusades.

  8. The Second Crusade • 1147 • King Louis VII of France together with King Conrad III led armies across Europe against the Turks • The Turks took Damascus and the crusaders returned to Europe.

  9. The Third Crusade • 1187-1192 • Muslim leader Saladin takes control of Jerusalem • Frederick Barbarossa (Rome), King Phillip II (France), and King Richard of England led separate armies in the Third Crusade. • Truce with Saladin led to control of some towns on the Palestinian coast. • Christians allowed to enter Jerusalem freely.

  10. The Fourth Crusade • 1202-1453 • Pope Innocent III gathered a group of French knights for the fourth crusade • Zadar (rival city of Venice) • 1204-crusaders attacked and looted Constantinople. Venetians gained control of Byzantine trade.

  11. Results of the Crusades • By the end of the Crusades the Muslims again controlled Palestine. • Weapons and warfare (use of the crossbow, new weaponry) • Crusades helped bring an end to feudalism. • Italian cities became major trading centres.

  12. The Revival of Trade • After the crusades, trade began to grow in Europe due to the emergence of towns and cities. • Major trading ports in Italy included: Genoa, Pisa, Venice. These cities became the link between northern Europe and Asia. • Ships from Italian city states would take the crusaders to Palestine and on the way back, would bring goods from Asia. • Trade also began to flourish in northern Europe (Kiev, Ukraine and Flanders, Belgium) • German cities on the Baltic and North Seas also became important trading centres (i.e. Hamburg). Germany’s weak central government caused them to form a trading league (Hanseatic League)

  13. Trade Goods • Crusades increased demand for goods from Asia, especially those considered exotic or new (i.e. dyes, silks, spices, fruits, grain, rugs) • Europeans traded fish, fur and timber • Emergence of the European markets. • Barter economy

  14. Manufacturing, Trading, Investment • Domestic system of manufacturing (worked from home) • Banking (“banca”). Money changers were the first bankers (began by exchanging currencies at fairs, but then began loans) • Emergence of capital investment

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