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Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Chapter 5. Terror From Below Dissident Terrorism. A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm. Revolutionary Dissident Terrorism Nihilist Dissident Terrorism Nationalist Dissident Terrorism.

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Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

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  1. Third EditionUnderstanding TerrorismChallenges, Perspectives, and Issues

  2. Chapter 5 Terror From Below Dissident Terrorism

  3. A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm • Revolutionary Dissident Terrorism • Nihilist Dissident Terrorism • Nationalist Dissident Terrorism

  4. A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm(continued) • Revolutionary Dissident Terrorism • A clear world vision. • Goal: Destroy an existing order to build a well-designed new society. • Case: Marxist revolutionary movements in Latin America.

  5. A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm(continued) • Nihilist Dissident Terrorism • “Revolution for the sake of revolution.” • Goal: Destroy an existing order with no clear alternative for the aftermath. • Victory is destruction of the old society. • Cases: Abu Nidal. Al Qaeda network.

  6. A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm(continued) • Nationalist Dissident Terrorism • Championing the national aspirations of groups of people. • Goal: Mobilize a particular demographic group against another group or a government. • Distinguished by their cultural, religious, ethnic, or racial heritage. • Cases: Kurds in Turkey and Iraq. Catholics in Northern Ireland.

  7. Self-Perception: Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?

  8. Antistate Dissident Terrorism • Antistate Terrorist Environments • Defined by idiosyncrasies of each country and movement. • Histories that are unique to each society/ • The Terrorists’ Faith in Victory • Defeat is unthinkable. Victory is inevitable. • Utopian visions justify their means and guarantee the triumph of their idealized ends.

  9. Communal Terrorism • Ethnonationalist Communal Terrorism • Religious Communal Terrorism • Ideological Communal Terrorism

  10. Communal Terrorism(continued) • Ethnonationalist Communal Terrorism • Terrorism directed against ethnic populations. • Scale of violence varies considerably from region to region. • Case: Violence between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda and Burundi.

  11. Communal Terrorism(continued) • Religious Communal Terrorism • Sectarian violence often combining religious and ethnic cultural identity. • Case: Breakup of the former Yugoslavia. • Ideological Communal Terrorism • A pattern of post- World War II civil wars. • Cases: Greece. Angola. Indonesia.

  12. Dissidents and the New Terrorism • The New Dissident Terrorist Morality • Fewer moral scruples than previous generations. • Broader definitions of “enemy” groups. • Unrestricted use of modern weapons technologies. • Terrorist Cells and Lone Wolves • Cells: Indistinct command & organizational configurations. • Lone Wolves: Single individuals.

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