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WHAP Exam Review Period 2

WHAP Exam Review Period 2. 600 B.C.E. to around 600 C.E. Chapters 7-12. Key Concepts. The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions The Development of States and Empires Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange. The Big Picture.

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WHAP Exam Review Period 2

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  1. WHAP Exam ReviewPeriod 2 600 B.C.E. to around 600 C.E. Chapters 7-12

  2. Key Concepts • The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions • The Development of States and Empires • Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange

  3. The Big Picture • Think Themes! See AP syllabus • Think GRAPES! • Change---What causes change? • Human Interaction with Environment---Where do they live? Why they move? Defense? How do civilizations interact with others? Technology? • Comparison---What similarities and differences can we find between these Classical civilizations?

  4. Classical: Mesoamerica • Maya, 300 B.C.E. to 800 B.C.E. • Southern Mexico and other parts of Central America • Collection of city-states ruled by the same king • Pyramids, hieroglyphics, complex calendar, city planning, Tikal, Chichen Itza, ball game • Religion: 3 worlds, gods made people out of maize, sacrifices, blood-letting • Wars to acquire slaves, no beasts of burden • Social classes: most people were peasants/slaves • Cotton and maize, good agricultural practices

  5. Classical=India • Mauryan Empire: founded by Chandragupta Maurya, grandson AshokaMaurya was its greatest leader (Rock and Pillar Edicts, spread Buddhism), trade! • Gupta Dynasty: Chandra Gupta, decentralized and smaller than Mauryan, peace and advances in arts and sciences (pi and ‘arabic’ numerals), women losing rights

  6. Classical: China • Qin Dynasty: short, strong economy based on agriculture, powerful army, iron weapons, grew, Great Wall of China united, legalism • Qin Shihuangdhi---emperor, standardized laws, currencies, weights, measures, writing--- burned books, killed scholars (legalism) • Han Dynasty: WuTi —warrior emperor, enlarged China, Trade thrived on Silk Road, civil service exam based on Confucianism, invented paper, sundials, calendars, used metals

  7. Classical= Greece • Land=mountainous, peninsula, no major rivers, no large scale agriculture, harbors, sea, mild weather • Athens and Sparta=city-states/polises, very different • Democracy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy • Mythology=Many gods/polytheists • Persian Wars leads to Golden Age of Pericles in Athens and Delian League which leads to Peloponnesian War • Philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle • Alexander the Great: Father conquered/united Greeks, he conquered Persian Empire, Hellenism, land split into Antigonid, Ptolemaic, and Seleucid empires

  8. Classical= Rome • Mythology: like the Greeks, polytheists • Patricians/Plebeians (like the Greeks too) • Twelve Tables of Rome • Social Structure: paterfamilias, patriarchal, slavery important • Roman Empire spread by military domination, Punic Wars • First Triumvirate= Pompey, Crassus, Caesar • Caesar became “emperor for life”, assassinated • Second Triumvirate= Octavius, Marc Antony, Lepidus----Octavius became dictator (Caesar Augustus) • PaxRomana---Can you compare this to other golden ages in other empires? • Christianity!

  9. Late Classical 200-600 c.e. • Collapse of empires such as Han, Gupta, Roman, Maya • Maya: ??? Disease, drought, internal unrest/warfare, expanding population too much for environment? • Han China: Wang Mang, land redistribution unsuccessful, famines, floods, war on edge of civilization, China is divided for a time into regional kingdoms

  10. Late Classical 200-600 c.e. • Gupta India: invaded by the White Huns • Rome: western half, remember “Who killed Mama Roma?”, Diocletian divided it in 284, Constantine moved capital to Byzantium, invasions brought final end. • Fall of Empire: Comparisons?

  11. Silk Road • World becoming “smaller” by trade and connection • What travels on trade routes besides goods to be traded? • Silk Roads---over land and sea

  12. Major Belief Systems • Polytheism • Confucianism • Daoism • Legalism • Hinduism • Buddhism • Judaism • Christianity • Zoroastrianism

  13. Technology • Stirrup • Architecture-temples, Greek columns, Roman arch and aqueducts, theaters, stadiums • Paper • Record keeping- math, sundial • Others?

  14. Role of Women • All patriarchal • Upper-class/elite women more restricted • Veiling • In Buddhism and Christianity, women were equal in faith but not in Hinduism and Confucianism

  15. Big Picture • Civilizations---Golden Ages? • Civilizations---Falls? • Change---trade, conquest, spread of belief systems, technology (innovation vs. adaption) • Human Interaction with Geography---how did they change their surroundings to meet their needs, human need to control/explain nature, in religion too (protection to internal peace)

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