Download
1 / 84
840 likes | 924 Views
Explore the complex factors leading to World War I, from the Alliance System to aggressive nationalism and the spark that ignited the conflict. Discover the major players, battles, and strategies that shaped the war that changed the course of history.
E N D
1914-1918:The Worldat War By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S.Chappaqua, NY
1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]
2. Militarism & Arms Race Because of tensions, all the countries tried to keep an army prepared for war – it helped develop PRIDE (patriotism) in country However, the country that increased their military the MOST was Germany…and this made everyone else nervous
Imperialism • Imperialism had divided AFRICA, EUROPE, ASIA, AMERICAS WHY? The imperial powers were competing for power EVERYWHERE in the world…a world war was bound to happen
Nationalism = a deep devotion to one’s nation • Nationalism is a good thing if its patriotic • It can be a bad thing if it causes tension, competition and a sense of superiority over others • France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary and Russia were all competing for resources, markets and territory
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe
Ottomans and the Balkans • “Sick man of Europe” – behind economically, technologically & militarily • Rebellions and independent movements (Greece, Serbia) • France and Britain controlled much of Ottoman empire…angered Russia and the “Young Turks” who advocated “Turkification”
The Assassin: GavriloPrincip
The “Spark” • Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed by a 19-year old Serbian nationalist • Austria declared war on Serbia – but Russia was an ally of Serbia…Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary…all the other alliances came into play!
The Schlieffen Plan Attack and defeat France, then run back to fight Russia…move fast Russia lags behind industrially, takes long to mobilize
Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!
Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians
Spies • “Mata Hari” • Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle • German Spy!
German Poster Think of Your Children!
Trench Warfare “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud and dreamed mud”…500 miles from N. Sea to Swiss border – 4 years: 2-3 miles
Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”
Trench Warfare • Rats, no bathroom, sleep in mud, blood all over, lie next to the dead • Western Front was almost 500 miles from the North Sea to the Swiss border
Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive against French • Each side: 500,000 casualties. • Only 4 miles for Germans, 5 for Britain
The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915 Turks secretly sign alliance with Germany…British try to close the strait…fail
T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18 British ask Hussein ibn Ali to lead Arab revolt ag. Turks…helped put down the Ottoman Empire / B. make promises to Jews as well
