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World War I

World War I. The Great War?. Soldiers, sailors, airmen involved: 65,038,810 Military deaths: 8,020,780 Civilian deaths: 6,642,633 Military wounded: 21,228,813 Approximate cost in early 20 th -century dollars: $281,887,000,000. Background. 1905: Russia & Japan warred for territory

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World War I

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  1. World War I

  2. The Great War? • Soldiers, sailors, airmen involved: 65,038,810 • Military deaths: 8,020,780 • Civilian deaths: 6,642,633 • Military wounded: 21,228,813 • Approximate cost in early 20th-century dollars: $281,887,000,000

  3. Background • 1905: Russia & Japan warred for territory • 1911: Italy and Turkey warred and carved out Libya from the Ottoman Empire’s African holdings • 1912: Serbia, Bulgaria, & Greece fought the Turks; won most Turkish territory in Europe • 1913: Bulgaria fought Balkan neighbors, wanting bigger share of former-Turkish lands (failed attempt)

  4. The Key Players • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Serbia • France • Russia • Great Britain • Belgium • Italy • Turkey • Bulgaria • Romania • United States • Japan

  5. Entangling Alliances 1914 • July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • July 31: Russia (ally of Serbia) mobilizes troops • Aug 1: Germany (ally of Austria-Hungary) mobilizes military and declares war on Russia • Aug 3: France (ally of Russia) mobilizes troops; Germany declares war on France • Aug 4: Germany declares war on neutral Belgium; Great Britain/Canada/Australia/New Zealand (ally of Belgium) and Liberia declare war on Germany • Aug 5: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia • Aug 6: Serbia declares war on Germany

  6. Entangling Alliances • Aug 10: France declares war on Austria-Hungary • Aug 12: Great Britain declares war on A-H • Aug 23: Japan declares war on Germany • Aug 25: A-H declares war on Japan; Japan declares war on A-H • Aug 28: A-H declares war on Belgium • Nov 2: Serbia declares war on Turkey • Nov 5: Great Britain declares war on Turkey

  7. 1914 Triple EntenteGreat Britain FranceRussia Triple AllianceGermanyAustria-Hungary Italy Source: John Welham, Britain and the Great War (Folens,1992)

  8. Entangling Alliances 1915 • May 23: Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary • June 3: San Marino declares war on A-H • Aug 21: Italy declares war on Turkey • Aug 28: Italy declares war on Germany • Oct 14: Bulgaria declares war on Serbia • Oct 15: Great Britain & Montenegro declare war on Bulgaria • Oct 16: France declares war on Bulgaria • Oct 19: Italy & Russia declare war on Bulgaria

  9. Entangling Alliances 1916 • March 9: Portugal declares war on Germany; Germany declares war on Portugal • March 15: Austria-Hungary declares war on Portugal • March 16: Portugal declares war on Austria-Hungary • Aug 27: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary • Aug 30: Turkey declares war on Romania • Sept 1: Bulgaria declares war on Romania

  10. Entangling Alliances 1917 • April 6: U.S. declares war on Germany • April 23: Turkey severs relations with the U.S. • June 27: Greece declares war on A-H, Germany, Bulgaria, and Turkey • Dec 7: U.S. declares war on Austria-Hungary • Also… • Uruguay, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia sever ties with Germany • Cubaand Brazil declare war on Germany • China, Panama, and Siam declare war on Austria-Hungary and Germany

  11. Entangling Alliances 1918 • May 7: Romania exits war due to Treaty of Bucharest • Nov 10: Romania re-enters war • Also… • Costa Rica, Guatemala, Haiti, and Honduras declare war on Germany • Nicaragua declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary • Finally: The 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month… Armistice Day

  12. 1914 by Wilfred Owen War broke: and now the Winter of the world With perishing great darkness closes in. The foul tornado, centred at Berlin, Is over all the width of Europe whirled, Rending the sails of progress. Rent or furled Are all Art’s ensigns. Verse wails. Now begin Famines of thought and feeling. Love’s wine’s thin. The grain of human Autumn rots, down-hurled. For after Spring had bloomed in early Greece, And Summer blazed her glory out with Rome, An Autumn softly fell, a harvest home, A slow grand age, and rich with all increase. But now, for us, wild Winter, and the need Of sowings for new Spring, and blood for seed.

  13. Credits • http://freepages.military.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~worldwarone/WWI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure9-Page11.jpg • http://0.tqn.com/d/history1900s/1/0/M/3/wwi15.gif • http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/375/504/375504235_640.jpg • http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/europe_1911.jpg • The Complete Idiot’s Guide to World War I by Alan Axelrod. Alpha Books. 2000. • http://neplains.com/ProductImages/pcmili/pcMili-RoundingThemUpFlags-p1917-a.jpg • http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/declarationsofwar.htm • http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/time_1916.html • http://www.pandahunters.com/images/europe%201919.gif

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