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Drill #10

Drill #10. Quote: " My life depends on something that is hard to obtain, but once obtained - easy to maintain it.“ Sharif M. Agenda: Osmosis HW Check ATP Photosynthesis Warm-up: 1. Which compounds join to form proteins?

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Drill #10

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  1. Drill #10 Quote: " My life depends on something that is hard to obtain, but once obtained - easy to maintain it.“ Sharif M. Agenda: Osmosis HW Check ATP Photosynthesis Warm-up: 1. Which compounds join to form proteins? 2. If an animal cell were placed in a solution of ocean water, what would immediately happen to the cell? Why?

  2. Energy and Life Go to Section:

  3. Slide # 2 Where does the Energy come from? Living Things need energy to do work! • 1.Growth • 2. Reproduction • 3. Movement • 4. Response to stimuli • 5. Active Transport • 6. Homeostasis: maintain a stable & constant internal environment. Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth.

  4. Slide # 3 Organisms are classified into two groups depending on how they obtain & use energy: • 1.Autotroph: organisms that capture the sun’s energy to make their own food • Examples:_____ & ______ • 2.Heterotrophs: organisms that consume other organisms to obtain food • Examples:_____ & _______

  5. Are they autotroph or heterotroph? Examples: Animal Plants Plants Autotroph Heterotroph Autotroph Green Protist Fungi:Mushrooms Animal Autotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph Go to Section:

  6. Slide # 5 Organisms are classified into two groups depending on how they obtain & use energy: • 1.Autotroph: organisms that capture the sun’s energy to make their own food • Examples: Plants & algae • 2.Heterotrophs: organisms that consume other organisms to obtain food • Examples: Animals & Fungi

  7. Slide # 6 • Where do we get • energy from? • In living things energy is stored in the form of (chemical) bond energy. • Create a bond = store energy • Break a bond = release energy

  8. Slide # 7 Slide # 5 Where do we get energy from? • Energy Transformations: • 1. Eat high energy organic molecules (food). • 2. Break down or digest food. • 3. Capture energy from the breaking down of food into a more usable form for the cell to use. • 4. This usable form (ATP molecules) can pass energy around the cell.

  9. Slide # 8 Energy Transformations Analogy Appliances Electricity Coal, Oil & Natural Gas Electric Power Plant Mitochondria ATP Carbs, Lipids & Proteins Cell Activities Enzyme Go to Section:

  10. Slide # 9 Why use ATP molecules to transfer energy in the cell??? • 1. ATP carries 7.3 kilocalories of energy, which provides just the right amount of energy for any chemical reaction in the cell, which uses only 3.5 to 7.3 kilocalories. • 2. When transferring energy from ATP to an enzyme, some energy is lost as heat or light. • 3. (7.3 kcal in ATP minus 3.5 kcal for a reaction leaves 3.8 kcal to be given off as heat or light.) Energy Currency

  11. Slide # 10 So what does ATP stand for? ATP Adenosine Triphosphate

  12. Slide # 11 The Three Components of ATP 3 Phosphate groups Ribose Adenine Go to Section:

  13. Adenine Ribose P P P Slide # 12 1. Energy is stored in ATP’s high-energy phosphate bonds. How does ATP store energy? Energy is released when the high energy phosphate bond between the 2nd and 3rd “P” is broken.

  14. + + Energy ATP Slide # 13 How does ATP store energy? 2. When a free phosphate group is attached onto ADP,energy is stored in this bond to create ATP. + P ADP + Energy

  15. Slide # 13 So how is ADP different from ATP? • 1. ADP + P = ATP (3 phosphate bonds) a. Contains just enough energy to “power” 1 cellular reaction b. A “fully charged” battery • 2. ATP – P = ADP ( 2 phosphate bonds) a. Contains much less energy than ATP; cannot power a cellular reaction b. An “uncharged” battery

  16. Energy Released Using ATP Energy For the cell to release and use the energy in ATP, the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups must break; leavingADP and a free phosphate group. Adenine Ribose P P P ATP ADP P

  17. Energy Energy Released A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second!!! ATP /ADP Cycle Energy Stored ATP ATP ATP /ADP Cycle Bonds Formed to make ATP ADP P P P ADP Energy Released to do work ADP ADP Bonds Broken

  18. How ATP Causes Work to Take Place • 1. The phosphate group that is removed becomes attached to a protein. • 2. The protein changes shape and moves (allowing Na+ into the cell) • 3. The phosphate group leaves the protein & the protein returns to its original shape

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