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Settlements and Services

The Largest Urban Areas. . Percent of Population Living in Urban Areas. . . Percent Urban by Region. . . Percentage of GDP From Services. . . Consumer Services. . . U.S. Employment Sectors. . . . . Hierarchy of World Cities. London, New York, and Tokyo are the dominant world cities in the global ec

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Settlements and Services

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    1. Settlements and Services

    2. The Largest Urban Areas

    3. Percent of Population Living in Urban Areas

    4. Percent Urban by Region

    5. Percentage of GDP From Services

    6. Consumer Services

    7. U.S. Employment Sectors

    8. Hierarchy of World Cities

    10. Business-Service Cities in the U.S.

    11. Economic Base of U.S. Cities

    12. Relationship Between Diversity and Economic Innovation

    13. Coolness and Innovation Geography of Talent Geography of Diversity

    14. Distribution of Consumer Services Central place theory Market area of a service Size of market area Market area analysis Profitability of a location Optimal location within a market Hierarchy of services and settlements Nesting of services and settlements Rank-size distribution of settlements

    15. Key Points Concerning Central Place Theory A central place is a market center for the exchange of goods and services. Central places compete against each other; this competition creates the regular pattern of settlements. Each settlement has a market area, the region from which customers are drawn; the market area can be indicated by a circle. For geometric reasons, hexagons rather than circles are used to indicate market areas. Smaller settlements occur more frequently and closer together, while larger settlements occur less frequently and farther apart; this creates a hierarchy of settlements of different size by frequency and distance between them. Small settlements provide goods and services that have small thresholds and ranges; large settlements provide goods and services that have large thresholds and ranges. When the hierarchy is plotted on logarithmic paper, the line is straight in the United States but not in less developed countries.

    16. Market Areas as Hexagons

    18. Central Place Theory

    19. Optimal Location (for Pizza Shop)

    20. Rank-Size vs. Prime City Rule Distribution of Cities

    21. Zipf’s Law or Rank Size Rule The second largest city is half the size of the largest city. The third largest city is a third the size of the largest city. It says that for most countries, the size distribution of cities must fit the power law: the number of cities with populations greater than S is inversely proportional to S.

    23. Supermarket and Convenience Store Market Areas

    24. Market Areas for Supermarkets Defined by 1 Mile Radii

    25. Market Areas for Supermarkets Defined by 5 Minute Drive Times

    29. Key Terms Basic industries Business services Central place Central place theory Consumer services Economic base Gravity model Market area ( or hinterland) Nonbasic industries Primate city Primate city rule Public services Range (of a service) Rank-size rule Threshold Urbanization

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